chocolateとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Via Spanish chocolate from a Nahuatl word,^[1][2][3] widely given as chocolātl (with the second element being a reflex of Classical Nahuatl ātl (“water”)), although such a word does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid-18th century according to Karttunen. Dakin and Wichmann propose chicolātl as the original form (saying it survives in several modern Nahuatl dialects) and say the chicol- element refers to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate.^[4] Another theory is that the prefix came from Yucatec Maya chocol (“hot”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lɪt/, /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lət/, /t͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/
• (Canada, cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/
• (Received 発音, dated) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)lət/
• (General Australian, General New Zealand, Scotland, Northern England) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/
• (Ireland) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/, /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/
• ハイフネーション: choc‧o‧late

名詞

chocolate (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 chocolates)

1. (chiefly uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.

   Chocolate is a very popular treat.

2. (chiefly uncountable) A drink made by dissolving this food in boiling milk or water.
3. (countable) A single, small piece of confectionery made from chocolate.

   He bought her some chocolates as a gift. She ate one chocolate and threw the rest away.

4. (uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).

   As he cooked it the whole thing turned a rich, deep chocolate.

   chocolate:  

5. (countable, slang) A black person; (uncountable) blackness.
   • 1967, James David Horan, The Right Image: A Novel of the Men who Make Candidates, page 73:

     "I suppose you have some of your sweet chocolates working for you?" Barney nodded.

   • 2009, Evangeline Holloway, The Reincarnation of Love, →ISBN, page 83:

     I can consume as much of you as I want to without gaining weight. Sexy chocolate is what you are.

   • 2011, Ella Campbell, Torn: The Melissa Williams Story, →ISBN, page 69:

     “How is my sexy chocolate?” Mark says on the other end.

   • 2012, Harry Davis, My Name Is Lucas, →ISBN:

     “Yes Lucas, you're some fine sexy chocolate”, she whispered, her long dark hair covering her face and the curves bursting out of her dress.

Meronyms

Holonyms

• cacao
• cocoa bean

等位語

• carob

派生語

関連する語

形容詞

chocolate (comparative more chocolate, superlative most chocolate)

1. Made of or containing chocolate.
2. Having a dark reddish-brown colour/color.
3. (slang) Black (relating to any of various ethnic groups having dark pigmentation of the skin).
   • 2005, Patrick Goines, Unfinished Business, page 29:

     She was a chocolate honey with all the assets necessary to never have to work hard to pay her bills.

   • 2010, Delores J. Dillard, Papua, New Guinea, 1983, page 27:

     Therefore, African Americans complexion range from fair to mahogony. When a baby is born, it's always a mystery of the hue of the child. Sometimes the child will be as white as the slave owner or as chocolate as a great great grandparent.

   • 2011, Stephanie Stokes Oliver, Daily Cornbread, page 200:

     If you are as chocolate as an African queen, do you really think you'll look better as a bottle blonde?

動詞

chocolate (三人称単数 現在形 chocolates, 現在分詞 chocolating, 過去形および過去分詞形 chocolated)

1. (transitive, まれに, chiefly in the 過去分詞) To add chocolate to; to cover (food) in chocolate.
2. (まれに, biology) To treat blood agar by heating in order to lyse the red blood cells in the medium.
   • 1992 August 1, R. Rennie, “Laboratory and Clinical Evaluations of Media for the Primary Isolation of Haemophilus Species”, in Journal of Clinical Microbiology, volume 30, number 8, page 1917:

     Other formulations have been adopted to supply these growth factors; these include heating or "chocolating" the blood agar to release NAD directly from the erythrocytes in the agar medium.

   • 2000, Ochei Et Al, Medical Laboratory Science : Theory And Practice, page 843:

     It is a chocolated blood agar but here whole horse blood is used.

   • 2003, Mark A. Herbert, Haemophilus influenzae Protocols, page 73:

     The mixture is incubated at 75°C until chocolating has taken place.

参照

Further reading

• chocolate on Wikipedia.
• “chocolate” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• 1983, Frances Karttunen, An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (University of Texas Press), page 54.
• Chocolate in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• cacholote