whaleとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: wāl, IPA^(key): /weɪl/
• (without the wine–whine merger) enPR: hwāl, IPA^(key): /ʍeɪl/
• 韻: -eɪl
• 異形同音異義語: wail, wale (in accents with the wine-whine merger)

語源 1

From Middle English whale, from 古期英語 hwæl (“whale”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwal, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz (“whale”) (compare German Wal, Swedish val, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hval, Norwegian Nynorsk kval; compare also Dutch walvis, West Frisian walfisk, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”) (compare German Wels, Latin squalus (“big sea fish”), Old Prussian kalis, Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan ��������‎ (kara, “kind of fish”)).

名詞

whale (複数形 whales)

1. Any one of numerous large marine mammals comprising an informal group within infraorder Cetacea that usually excludes dolphins and porpoises.

   Synonym: (廃れた用法) baleen

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:21:

     And God created great whales, and euery liuing creature that moueth, which the waters brought forth aboundantly after their kinde, and euery winged foule after his kinde: and God saw that it was good.

2. (by extension) Any species of Cetacea.
   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. […] It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.

3. (figuratively) Something, or someone, that is very large.
   • 1920 September, “A Reformed Free Lance” (pseudonym), “Doctoring a Sick Encyclopedia”, in The Writer, Volume XXXII, Number 9, page 131:

     It was a whale of a job. […] It took two months, and the fair blush of youth off my cheeks.

   • 1947 May 19, John Chamberlain, “Will Clayton and his Problem”, in Life, page 120:

     But when it comes to his business life and business career, Will Clayton is not as other men; he is such a whale of a lot better that it suggests a qualitative as well as a quantitative difference.

4. (figuratively, as "whale of a ___") Something, or someone, that is excellent.
   • 2002, Kathleen Benson, Philip M. Kayal, Museum of the City of New York, A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City, Syracuse University Press →ISBN, page 54

     My own father only wrote one poem in his life as far as I know, but it was a whale of a lyric, the kind you would give your whole life to write, which he did, but that is another story.

   • 2006, June Skinner Sawyers, Read the Beatles: Classic and New Writings on the Beatles, Their Legacy, and Why They Still Matter, Penguin, →ISBN:

     Busley Crowther in The New York Times called it “a whale of a comedy” even though he couldn't tell the four musicians apart except for Ringo (“the big-nosed one”).

   • 2013, Fred Holtby; Chris Lovie, ROWDY - THE STORY OF A POLICE DOG, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 105:

     They were having a whale of a time when a very stern looking shop assistant came over to tell them off.

6. (gambling) In a casino, a person who routinely bets at the maximum limit allowable.
   • 2003, Jeff Wuorio, How to Buy and Sell (Just About) Everything:

     These are often no-limit games as maximum bets cramp a whale’s style.

   • 2004, Norm Clarke, Vegas Confidential: Norm! Sin City's Ace Insider 1,000 Naked Truths, Hot Spots and Cool Stuff:

     A handful of the richest whales routinely play for $200,000 a hand. Australian media mogul Kerry Packer not only regularly bets that much, but has plunked down $200,000 bets for the dealer as a form of a tip.

   • 2008, Deke Castleman, Whale Hunt in the Desert:

     The high roller who had the most ferocious reputation for trying to run the business of the casinos where he played, before he died on December 26, 2006, was Kerry Packer. In the casino world, Packer was the Prince of Whales.

7. (finance, informal) An investor who deals with very large amounts of money.
   • 2021 May 18, Alexis Goldstein, “These Invisible Whales Could Sink the Economy”, in The New York Times‎^[2], →ISSN:

     If the banks knew how big Archegos’s position was, they may have realized other banks were supplying it with the same leverage — and reconsidered the trade. But a set of worrisome regulatory loopholes kept them from detecting this lurking whale.

8. (marketing, by extension) A person who spends large amounts of money on things that are marketed to them.
   • 2015, Jamie Madigan, Getting Gamers: The Psychology of Video Games and Their Impact on the People who Play Them:

     Whales are the big spenders who drop huge amounts of money into a game.

   • 2015, Omer Artun; Dominique Levin, Predictive Marketing: Easy Ways Every Marketer Can Use Customer Analytics and Big Data, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 99:

     These different customer groups will be attracted to very different promotions. Your whales might enjoy receiving frequent emails from you and will purchase almost every time.

   • 2020, Lawrence Ingrassia, Billion Dollar Brand Club: How Dollar Shave Club, Warby Parker, and Other Disruptors Are Remaking What We Buy, Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN:

     […] gleaned from their activity: one group they dubbed “whales,” the highest-value customers, who bought shave cream and wipes as well as razors; […]

派生語

関連する語

• narwhal
• rorqual
• walrus

参考

動詞

whale (三人称単数 現在形 whales, 現在分詞 whaling, 過去形および過去分詞形 whaled)

1. (intransitive) To hunt for whales.

参照

• whale on Wikipedia.
• Cetacea on Wikispecies.
• Cetacea on Wikimedia Commons.

語源 2

Uncertain. Perhaps a variant of wale influenced by whack, whap, etc.

動詞

whale (三人称単数 現在形 whales, 現在分詞 whaling, 過去形および過去分詞形 whaled)

1. (slang, transitive) To thrash, to flog, to beat vigorously or soundly.
   • 1852, Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Why Mr Sellum disposed of the horse (chapter XIV in Works, volume 22):

     Brought him back, put him in the stall—low stable—got out of his reach, and then begun to whale him. Then he kicked up agin; […]

   • 1865 May, Three Days at Camp Douglass, in Our Young Folks: An Illustrated Magazine for Boys and Girls, volume I, number V, page 296:

     "I wouldn't let him. When you were a boy in your part of the country, and other boys told tales about you, what did you do with them?" "Whaled 'em like time, Captin'," answered the man; "and if ye'll only shet yer eyes to 't, I'll whale him." "I can't allow such things in the prison," said the Captain; "and besides, the fellow will be lame for a fortnight, and wouldn't be a match for you in that condition. Let him get limber, and then, if you don't whale him, I'll make you walk the ladder for a month." The result was, the conscript officer received a sound thrashing; and did not commit another act worthy of punishment for a week.

   • 2004, Steve Frazee, Voices in the Hill, →ISBN:

     They beat him down and kept whaling him after he was flat.

   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:whale.

派生語

• whale on

アナグラム

• wheal