but forとは

意味・読み方・使い方

使用する際の注意点

• A clause that uses the preposition but for will frequently use the conditional mood (for example, by using the verb would), especially when the but for phrase appears at the beginning of its sentence.

形容詞

but for (not comparable)

1. (law) Pertaining to a test of causation whereby an agent or action is considered to have caused an event (かつ therefore to be responsible and/or liable for said event) if, had said agent or action not existed, the event would not have taken place.
   • 1985, Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart and Tony Honoré, Causation in the Law, page xlv:

     This relevance can in many cases, as here, be tested by the sine qua non or ' but for ' rule.

   • 2003, Mark A. Glick, Lara A. Reymann, and Richard Hoffman, Intellectual Property Damages: Guidelines and Analysis, Wiley, →ISBN, page 37,

     When the expert constructs the "but for" world, he or she must construct it by taking into account how the plaintiff could have adjusted or did adjust to the changed circumstances.

   • 2003, A. P. Simester, G. R. Sullivan, Criminal Law: Theory and Doctrine, page 71,

     But it is important to realise that but for causation is no more than indicative of true legal causation.

   • 2006, Tal Becker, Terrorism and the State: Rethinking the Rules of State Responsibility, page 291:

     But in important ways the ' but for ' test obscures the true role played by causal principles in assessing legal responsibility.

使用する際の注意点

• The legal usage is most frequently followed by "rule", "test" or "causation".

別の表記

• (legal term): but-for