Excuseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

Verb

• (英国発音) enPR: ĭkskyo͞oz', IPA^(key): /ɪkˈskjuːz/, /ɛksˈkjuːz/
• (米国発音) enPR: ĭkskyo͞oz', IPA^(key): /ɪksˈkjuz/, /ɛksˈkjuz/
• 韻: -uːz

Noun

• (英国発音) enPR: ĭkskyo͞os', IPA^(key): /ɪkˈskjuːs/, /ɛksˈkjuːs/
• (米国発音) enPR: ĭkskyo͞os', IPA^(key): /ɪksˈkjus/, /ɛksˈkjus/
• 韻: -uːs

動詞

excuse (三人称単数 現在形 excuses, 現在分詞 excusing, 過去形および過去分詞形 excused)

1. (transitive) To forgive; to pardon.

   I excused him his transgressions.

   • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii], page 25, column 1:

     Yet his Nature / In that’s no Changeling, and I muſt excuſe / What cannot be amended.

   • c. 1685, John Sharp, A Discourse of Conscience

     If they say that he did sin in doing this, then they must at the same time acknowledge that a man's persuasion that a thing is a duty will not excuse him from guilt in practising it

2. (transitive) To allow to leave, or release from any obligation.

   May I be excused from the table?

   I excused myself from the proceedings to think over what I'd heard.

3. (transitive) To provide an excuse for; to explain, with the aim of alleviating guilt or negative judgement.

   You know he shouldn't have done it, so don't try to excuse his behavior!

   • c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, lines 6–7, page 62:

     They cannot be excusyd
     By reason nor by law; […]

4. To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make apology for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or indulgence for.
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians xij:[19], folio ccxlvj, verso:

     Agayne / thynke ye that we excuſe oure ſelves? we ſpeake in Chriſt in the ſight of God. But we do all thyngꝭ dearly beloved for youre edifyinge.

   • 1705, Thomas à Kempis (unknown translator), The Christian’s Pattern: or, A Treatise of the Imitation of Jesus Christ, London: T. C. Hansard, […], published 1831, page 54:

     It were more meet that thou didst accuse thy self, and excusedst thy Brother.

同意語

• (to release from guilt, shame, または punishment): forgive, let off the hook, let pass, pardon, unguilt

反意語

• (to release from guilt, shame, または punishment): blame, punish

派生語

• 'scuse
• excuse me
• excuse my français, excuse my French
• excuse you
• please excuse my dear Aunt Sally
• XQs

名詞

excuse (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 excuses)

1. (countable, uncountable) Explanation designed to avoid or alleviate guilt or negative judgment; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault.

   Tell me why you were late – and I don't want to hear any excuses!

   I had to make an excuse for being late to the meeting.

   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Luke xiiij:[18], folio cj, recto:

     And they all atonce begane to make excuſe. The fyrſt ſayd vnto him: I have bought a ferme / and I muſt nedes goo and ſe it / I praye the have me excuſed.

2. (law) A defense to a criminal or civil charge wherein the accused party admits to doing acts for which legal consequences would normally be appropriate, but asserts that special circumstances relieve that party of culpability for having done those acts.
3. (often with preceding negative adjective, especially sorry, poor, または lame) An example of something that is substandard or of inferior quality.

   That thing is a poor excuse for a gingerbread man. Hasn't anyone taught you how to bake?

   He's a sorry excuse for a doctor.

   • 2008, Christos Tsiolkas, The Slap, London: Atlantic Books, page 131:

     What a fucking lame excuse for a man.

   • 2018 October 17, Drachinifel, Last Ride of the High Seas Fleet - Battle of Texel 1918‎^[1], archived from the original on 4 August 2022, 15:10 from the start:

     Seydlitz correctly identifies the larger shell splashes as coming from the two "large light cruisers" at the rear, and takes aim. Moments later, Courageous sheers out of line, smoke and steam venting through a massive hole in her side, the shells having blasted right through whatever excuse for armor was present and detonated amidst the boiler rooms. She is doomed.

使用する際の注意点

• We often say to make an excuse.

同意語

• (explanation designed to avoid または alleviate guilt または negative judgment): pretext release, clear, justify, forgive, tolerate, overlook, exempt, pardon, discharge, pretext, bear with, acquit, exonerate, absolve, pretense, vindicate.

参考

• rationalization

Further reading

• “excuse”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “excuse”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Latin

Participle

excūse

1. vocative masculine singular of excūsus