for...とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 for, from 古期英語 for (“for, because of”), from Proto-Germanic *furi (“for”), from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-.

Cognate with West Frisian foar (“for”), Dutch voor (“for”), German für (“for”), Danish for (“for”), Swedish för (“for”), Norwegian for (“for”), Icelandic fyrir (“for”), Latin per (“by, through, for, by means of”) and Romance language descendants (e.g. Spanish por (“for”)), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “for, about, toward”), Lithuanian per (“by, through, during”), Slovak pre (“for”), Sanskrit परि (pári, “over, around”).

発音

• (strong form) enPR: fôr
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /fɔː(ɹ)/
  • (General American) IPA: /fɔɹ/
  • (Canada) IPA: [foːɹ]
    • (dialectal) IPA: [fɔ(ː)ɹ], [fəɹ]
  • (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /foː(ɹ)/
  • (Indic) IPA: /fɒː(ɾ)/
• (weak form) enPR: fər
  • (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /fə(ɹ)/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA: /fɚ/
  • (New Zealand) IPA: /fɘ(ɹ)/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)
• 異形同音異義語: faugh (non-rhotic), faw (non-rhotic), fore, four (horse–hoarse merger)

接続詞

for

1. (formal, literary) Because.

   I had to stay with my wicked stepmother, for I had nowhere else to go.

   • c. 1601, William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night‎, act 3, scene 4:

     […] Dismount thy tuck, be yare in thy preparation, for thy assailant is quick, skillful and deadly.

   • 1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night:

     […] nor is there found, in sea or on land, a sweeter or pleasanter of gifts than she; for she is prime in comeliness and seemlihead of face and symmetrical shape of perfect grace; her check is ruddy dight, her brow flower white, her teeth gem-bright, her eyes blackest black and whitest white, her hips of heavy weight, her waist slight and her favour exquisite.

   • 1900, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz:

     "By means of the Golden Cap I shall command the Winged Monkeys to carry you to the gates of the Emerald City," said Glinda, "for it would be a shame to deprive the people of so wonderful a ruler."

同意語

• given that, seeing that; see also Thesaurus:because

前置詞

for

1. Towards; in the direction of.

   The astronauts headed for the moon.

   Run for the hills!

   He was headed for the door when he remembered.

   • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 1:

     Wee ſailed from Peru, (where wee had continued by the ſpace of one whole yeare,) for China and Iapan, by the South Sea; [...]

2. Directed at; intended to belong to.

   I have something for you.

3. In order to help, benefit, gratify, honor etc. (someone or something).

   Everything I do, I do for you.

   We're having a birthday party for Janet.

   The mayor gave a speech for the charity gala.

   • 1976, Michael McDonald, “Takin' It to the Streets”, performed by The Doobie Brothers:

     You, telling me the things you're gonna do for me.

4. Befitting of someone’s beliefs, needs, wants, skills, or tastes; best suited to.

   If having to bag the groceries correctly is more than you can handle, then this isn't the job for you.

5. To be used or treated in a stated way, or with a stated purpose.

   This is a new bell for my bicycle.

   The cake is for Tom and Helen's anniversary.

   This medicine is for your cough.

   These apples here are for eating. The rest are for throwing away.

   I'll buy something for killing cockroaches. We must find something to kill them all.

6. Supporting, in favour of.

   Antonym: against

   All those for the motion, raise your hands.

   Who's for ice-cream?

   I'm for going by train

   Ten voted for, and three against. (with implied object)

   • 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter XI, in Great Expectations […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC, page 180:

     "I'll go round presently, and pay our friend off." Rather alarmed by this summary action, I was for a little delay, and even hinted that our friend himself might be difficult to deal with.

7. Because of.

   He wouldn't apologize; and just for that, she refused to help him.

   He looks better for having lost weight. (UK usage)

   She was the worse for drink.

   I like her for lots of reasons.

   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:

     with fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath

   • 1867, Frederick Metcalfe, The Oxonian in Iceland, page 202:

     "A summerly day for you," said my host; "You ought to be here in winter. It is impossible then to get out of the doors for the snow and wind. Ugh! dreadful weather!"

   • 1864, George Etell Sargent, The Story of a City Arab, page 313:

     I could not see his hands, for the thick gloves he wore, and his face was partially concealed by a red woollen comforter; but his entire appearance and manners tallied with what I had seen of Yorkshire farmerhood.

8. In order to cure, remove or counteract.

   I need to spray my house for termites.

9. So as to allow (something or someone) to take position.

   Make way for the president!

   Clear the shelves for our new Christmas stock!

10. In anticipation of.

    Stand by for your cue.

    Prepare for battle.

11. So as to identify or locate.

    They swept the area for enemy operatives.

    Police combed his flat for clues.

12. Over (a period of time).

    I've lived here for three years.

    They fought for days over a silly pencil.

    The store is closed for the day.

    • 1717, Joseph Addison, Metamorphoses:

      To guide the sun's bright chariot for a day.

13. Throughout or across (a distance in space).

    I can see for miles.

    • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

      For many miles about / There's scarce a bush.

14. Used to introduce a subject of a to-infinitive clause.

    It seems unreasonable for our boss to withhold our wages.

    I don't think it's a good idea for you and me to meet.

    For you and me to meet is not a good idea because I'm not eager for it to be a success.

15. On behalf of.

    I will stand in for him.

    I speak for the Prime Minister.

16. In the role or capacity of; instead of; in place of.

    I used a hay bale for a bed.

    He's got a turnip for a brain.

17. In exchange for; in correspondence or equivalence with.

    I got five hundred pounds for that old car!

    He matched me blow for blow.

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 21:23-24:

      And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

18. In order to obtain or acquire.

    I am aiming for completion by the end of business Thursday.

    He's going for his doctorate.

    Do you want to go for coffee?

    People all over Greece looked to Delphi for answers.

    Can you go to the store for some eggs?

    I'm saving up for a car.

    Don't wait for an answer.

    What did he ask you for?

    • 1641 (first performance), [John Denham], “The Prologue”, in The Sophy. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for H[enry] Herringman, […], published 1667, →OCLC:

      For we would have you know it, / The loſs will fall on us, not on the Poet: / For he writes not for money, nor for praiſe, / Nor to be call'd a Wit, nor to wear Bayes: […]

19. By the standards of, usually with the implication that those standards are lower than one might otherwise expect; considering.

    Fair for its day.

    She's spry for an old lady.

    He's very mature, for a two-year-old.

20. To be, or as being.

    Don't take me for a fool.

    • 17th century Abraham Cowley, Of Wit

      We take a falling meteor for a star.

    • a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC:

      if a man can be persuaded and fully assured of anything for a truth without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace for truth ?

    • c. 1690, John Dryden, Translations (Preface)

      Most of our ingenious young men take up some cry'd-up English poet for their model.

    • 1712, Ambrose Philips, The Distrest Mother:

      But let her go for an ungrateful woman.

    • 1976, Louis L’Amour, chapter 2, in The Rider of Lost Creek, Bantam Dell, →ISBN:

      They knew him for a stranger.

    • 1982 February 13, Wayne Dynes, “Unnatural”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 29, page 4:

      I would advise anyone who does not share its politics — surely the great majority of gay men and lesbians — to shun NOLAG for the anachronistic zombie it is.

21. (usually in the phrase 'for all') Despite, in spite of.

    For all his expensive education, he didn't seem very bright.

    • 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 113:

      "You must keep your head. There is still hope." "Hope!" "Yes; plentiful hope -- for all this destruction!"

    • 1892 August 6, "The Unbidden Guest", in Charles Dickens, Jr. (editor), All the Year Round, page 133,

      Mr. Joseph Blenkinshaw was perhaps not worth quite so much as was reported; but for all that he was a very wealthy man […]

    • 1968, J. J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, page 240:

      For all his faults, there had been something lofty and great about him - as a judge, as a patron of education, as a builder, as an international figure.

22. Indicating something desired or anticipated.

    O for the wings of a dove.

    Ah! for wings to soar …

    And now for a slap-up meal!

    • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act PROLOGUE, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:

      O For a Muſe of Fire, that would aſcend / The brighteſt Heauen of Inuention :

    • 1858 March 27, “The Lay of the Brief”, in Punch, Or, The London Charivari, page 129:

      Oh! but to breathe the air / By their side under summer skies! To watch the blush on their cheeks, / The light in their liquid eyes. / Oh! but for one short hour, / To whisper a word of love; […]

23. (in expressions such as 'for a start') Introducing the first item(s) in a potential sequence .

    Go scuba diving? For one thing, I can't even swim.

    For another, we don't have any equipment.

24. (with names, chiefly US) In honor of; after.

    He is named for his grandfather.

25. (UK) Due for or facing (a certain outcome or fate).

    He totally screwed up that project. Now he's surely for the sack.

26. (chiefly US) Out of; used to indicate a fraction, a ratio

    In term of base hits, Jones was three for four on the day

27. (cricket) Used as part of a score to indicate the number of wickets that have fallen.

    At close of play, England were 305 for 3.

28. (obsolete) Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which, anything is done.
    • 1609–1612, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Captaine”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act III, scene v:

      We'll have a bib, for spoiling of thy doublet.

29. (nonstandard) So (that), in order to

    He took the swing shift for he could get more overtime.

30. Used in various other more-or-less idiomatic ways to construe individual verbs, indicating various semantic relationships such as target, purpose, result, etc.; see also the entries for individual phrasal verbs, e.g. ask for, look for, stand for, etc.

    to account for one's whereabouts    to care for a relative    to settle for second best    to allow for mistakes

使用する際の注意点

Some modern grammars classify the sense that introduces a subject of a to-infinitive clause as a subordinator rather than a preposition; most grammar books and dictionaries to date, being based on traditional grammar, classify it as a preposition rather than a subordinating conjunction.

別の表記

• (eye dialects): fa, fo, fo', fur, fuh, fer

反意語

• against

派生語

不変化詞

for

1. (nonstandard, in representations of dialectal speech, especially that of black speakers) To, the particle for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
   • 1896, McClure's magazine, page 270:

     “'Ugh—I'll not be able for get up. Send for M'sieu le Curé—I'll be goin' for die for sure.'

   • 1898 December 17, “Mr. Owens' Experience”, in Forest and Stream, volume 51, page 485:

     [It was a] firs rate place for shoot a woodcocks, I tell you. [...] I say [it] wass no use for spen money. [...] An I say in "So wass I. I see lot of sy-pokes fly up an twist off like screw-cork an spit whistle, but I wass'nt able for get aim on him."

   • 2007, H. Nigel Thomas, Return to Arcadia: A Novel (Tsar Publications):

     "She say that when nigger people step out o' they place and start for rub shoulders with Bacra, trouble just 'round the corner."

関連する語

• for to

参照

Further reading

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
• “for”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “for”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• 'fro, ORF, fro, orf

語源 1

From Proto-West Germanic *furi.

別の表記

• fore

発音

• IPA: /for/

前置詞

for

1. because of (+ dative)
2. for (duration of time)
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"

     Þa wurdon hi ealle þurh þæt wundor ablicgede and þæs þægnes gebedda ðe þa gebroþra heold wæs for six gearum for swiðlicre untrumnysse...

     Then they were all astonished at that miracle; and the wife of the officer, who had charge of the brothers, for six years, through a severe sickness...

3. for (for the sake of) (+ dative)
   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 9:24

     Sē þe his sāwle for mē forspilþ, hē hīe ġehǣlþ.

     Whoever destroys their soul for me will save it.

4. for (on behalf of, instead of) (+ accusative)
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"

     Petrus āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.

     Paul by himself spoke for the whole group.

5. ago (+ dative)

   Hē swealt for swelċe... twām þūsendum ġēara.

   He died like... two thousand years ago.

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English

     Is nū for þȳ Godes þēowum and mynstermannum ġeorne tō wearnienne þæt sēo hālġe lār on ūrum dagum ne ācōliġe oþþe ātēoriġe swā swā hit wæs ġedōn on Angelcynne nū for ānum fēawum gēarum, swā þæt nān Englisċ prēost ne cūðe dihtan oþþe āsmēaġan ānne pistol on Lǣden, oþ þæt Dūnstān ærċebisċop and Æðelwold bisċop eft þā lāre on munuclīfum ārǣrdon.

     That's why God's servants and monks should be very careful not to let this sacred learning cool or fade in our time, the way it did in England a few years ago, when none of our priests could compose or interpret a letter in Latin, until archbishop Dunstan and bishop Æthelwold revived learning in monastic life.

6. (Usually in the phrase for eall) for all, despite, in spite of (+ dative)

   Hēo swealt on fefre for eallum hire dǣdum.

   She died of a fever, despite all her deeds.

派生した語

• Middle English: for
  • English: for
  • Scots: for
  • Yola: vor, var

語源 2

see faran

発音

• IPA: /foːr/

動詞

fōr

1. first/third-person singular preterite of faran

語源 3

From Proto-Germanic *fōrō (“trip; wagon”).

発音

• IPA: /foːr/

名詞

fōr f (nominative plural fōra)

1. journey, going, course, expedition, approach; passage, lifestyle, way of life

語形変化

Strong ō-stem:

語源 4

Variant of fearh. From Proto-West Germanic *farh (“pig”). Cognate with Middle Low German vōr (“lean young pig”).

発音

• IPA: /foːr/

名詞

fōr m

1. hog, pig

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生した語

• Middle English: *farow, *fargh (attested only in plural form faren)
  • English: farrow
  • Scots: ferrae, ferry, farry

語源

From 古期英語 for, from Proto-Germanic *fura, *furi.

前置詞

for

1. for

接続詞

for

1. for

派生した語

• English: for
• Scots: for
• Yola: vor, var

参照

• “for, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “for, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源

From Proto-Italic *fāōr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”). It is unclear why the verb is deponent.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈfɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈfɔr]

動詞

for (present infinitive fārī or fārier, perfect active fātus sum); first conjugation, deponent, defective

1. to speak, talk, say

   Synonyms: effor, inquam, oro, aio, dico, alloquor, loquor

Conjugation

Certain forms were not used in Classical Latin.

The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

派生語