grossとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ɡɹəʊs/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ɡɹoʊs/
• (Philippine, 一般的ではない用法) IPA^(key): /ɡɹɔs/
• Homophone: Gross
• 韻: -əʊs, (Philippines) -ɒs

形容詞

gross (comparative grosser または more gross, superlative grossest または most gross)

2. (of behaviour considered to be wrong) Highly or conspicuously offensive.

   Synonyms: serious, flagrant, shameful, appalling, egregious.

   a gross mistake;  gross injustice;  gross negligence; a gross insult

   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene 3]:

     Henry IV. My gracious uncle, let me know my fault:
     On what condition stands it and wherein?
     Edmund of Langley. Even in condition of the worst degree,
     In gross rebellion and detested treason:

   • 1682, Aphra Behn, The City-Heiress, London: D. Brown et al., Act IV, Scene 1, p. 40,^[1]

     Your very faults, how gross soere, to me

     Have something pleasing in ’em.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, chapter 10, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], OCLC 928184292, book 18, page 336:

     […] I thank Heaven I have had Time to reflect on my past Life, where though I cannot charge myself with any gross Villainy, yet I can discern Follies and Vices too sufficient to repent and to be ashamed of;

   • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton […], OCLC 38659585:

     […] had his actions been what Wickham represented them, so gross a violation of every thing right could hardly have been concealed from the world;

   • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, chapter 6, in The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, OCLC 305520:

     […] he has been found guilty, on the clearest evidence, first, of stealing a valuable motor-car; secondly, of driving to the public danger; and, thirdly, of gross impertinence to the rural police.

4. (of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.

   Synonyms: whole, entire, overall, total, aggregate

   Antonym: net

   gross domestic product; gross income; gross weight

   • c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:

     What is the gross sum that I owe thee?

   • 1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, Book 6, Chapter 1,^[2]

     For a man of his habits the house and the hundred and twenty pounds a year which he had inherited from his mother were enough to supply all worldly needs. Resources do not depend upon gross amounts, but upon the proportion of spendings to takings.

   • 1937, George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier, Penguin, 1962, Part 1, Chapter 3, p. 37,^[3]

     […] please notice that even these wretched earnings are gross earnings. On top of this there are all kinds of stoppages which are deducted from the miner’s wages every week.

6. (sciences, pathology) Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue または an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.

   Synonym: macroscopic

   Antonym: microscopic

   gross anatomy

   • 1962, Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Chapter 12, p. 190,^[4]

     We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.

8. (slang, Canada, 米国用法) Causing disgust.

   Synonyms: disgusting, gro, grody, grotesque, grotty, nasty, revolting, yucky

   I threw up all over the bed. It was totally gross.

   • 1978, Armistead Maupin, Tales of the City, New York: Harper & Row, 1989, “Ties That Bind,” p. 293,^[5]

     Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.

   • 2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex, New York: Picador, Book 3, p. 306,^[6]

     The next-door neighbor’s cat coughed up a hairball one day and the hair was not the cat’s. “That’s so gross!”

10. Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.

    Synonyms: coarse, rude, vulgar, obscene, impure

    • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act I, Scene 1, ^[7]

      Verjuice. She certainly has Talents.

      Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.

    • 1874: Dodsley et al., A Select Collection of Old English Plays

      But man to know God is a difficulty, except by a mean he himself inure, which is to know God’s creatures that be: at first them that be of the grossest nature, and then [...] them that be more pure.

    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:

      All this was extraordinarily distasteful to Churchill. It was ugly, gross. Never before had he felt such repulsion when the vicar displayed his characteristic bluntness or coarseness of speech. In the present connexion—or rather as a transition from the subject that started their conversation—such talk had been distressingly out of place.

11. (of a product) Lacking refinement; not of high quality.

    Synonyms: coarse, rough, unrefined

    Antonym: fine

    • 1860, John Ruskin, Modern Painters, volume V (parts VI–IX), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], § 5:

      The flowers of Rubens are gross and rude […]

    • 1944, Emily Carr, The House of All Sorts, “Lorenzo Was Registered,” ^[8]

      He scorned my wholesome kennel fare, toothing out dainties and leaving the grosser portions to be finished by the other dogs.

12. (of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.

    Synonyms: great, large, bulky, fat, obese

    • 1925, W. Somerset Maugham, The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, 1934, Chapter 79,^[9]

      Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.

    • 2013, Hilary Mantel, ‘Royal Bodies’, London Review of Books, 35.IV:

      He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.

13. (now chiefly poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.

    Synonyms: thick, heavy

    • 1594 (first publication), Christopher Marlow[e], The Trovblesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edvvard the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, OCLC 837836359, (please specify the page):

      Couragious Lancaster, imbrace thy king,
      And as grosse vapours perish by the sunne,
      Euen so let hatred with thy soueraigne smile,

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Isaiah 60:2:

      For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.

    • 1785, William Cowper, The Task, London: J. Johnson, Book 3, p. 116,^[10]

      A pestilent and most corrosive steam,

      Like a gross fog Boeotian, rising fast,

      And fast condensed upon the dewy sash,

      Asks egress;

    • 1870, James Russell Lowell, The Cathedral, Boston: Fields, Osgood, p. 34,^[11]

      […] a larger life

      Upon his own impinging, with swift glimpse

      Of spacious circles luminous with mind,

      To which the ethereal substance of his own

      Seems but gross cloud to make that visible,

      Touched to a sudden glory round the edge.

14. (archaic) Not sensitive in perception or feeling.

    Synonyms: dull, witless

    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:

      For he is groſſe and like the maſſie earth,
      That mooues not vpwards, nor by princely deeds
      Doth meane to ſoare aboue the highest ſort.

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 13:15:

      For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.

    • 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], H[enry] Lawes, editor, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, OCLC 228715864; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, OCLC 1113942837:

      A thousand liveried Angels lacky her [the chaste soul],
      Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt,
      And in cleer dream, and solemn vision
      Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.

      read online

15. (obsolete) Easy to perceive.

    Synonyms: obvious, clear

    • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii]:

      […] though the truth of it stands off as gross
      As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it.

同意語

• (heavy in proportion to one's height): See also Thesaurus:obese

派生語

• grossen
• grossish
• grossly

名詞

gross (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 gross または grosses)

1. Twelve dozen = 144.
2. The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.
3. The bulk, the mass, the masses.

動詞

gross (三人称単数 現在形 grosses, 現在分詞 grossing, 過去形および過去分詞形 grossed)

1. (transitive) To earn money, not including expenses.

   The movie grossed three million on the first weekend.

   • 2014 January 21, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎^[12]:

     The film grossed $464 million worldwide, ensconcing her in the Hollywood A-list.

派生語

関連する語

• engross
• grocer, grocery, groceries

アナグラム

• Sgros, Sorgs