chargeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑːd͡ʒ/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒ/
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)dʒ

名詞

charge (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 charges)

1. The amount of money levied for a service.

   There will be a charge of five dollars.

2. (military) A ground attack against a prepared enemy.

   Pickett's Charge; the Charge of the Light Brigade

3. A forceful forward movement.
   • 2011 March 2, Chris Whyatt, “Arsenal 5 - 0 Leyton Orient”, in BBC‎^[1]:

     Abou Diaby should have added Arsenal's fourth in the 50th minute after he danced round a host of defenders on a charge towards goal

5. An accusation.

   Synonym: count

   1. An official description (by the police または a court) of a crime that somebody may be guilty of.

      two charges of manslaughter

   2. An accusation by a person or organization.
      • 2005, Lesley Brown (translator), Plato, Sophist. 261a.

        we'll nail the sophist to it, if we can get him on that charge;

      • 2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 150:

        A charge often leveled against organic agriculture is that it is more philosophy than science.

      That's a slanderous charge of abuse of trust.

6. (electromagnetism, chemistry) An electric charge.
7. The scope of someone's responsibility.

   The child was in the nanny's charge.

   • 1848 April 24, John K. Kane, opinion, United States v. Hutchison, as reported in The Pennsylvania law Journal, June 1848 edition, as reprinted in, 1848,The Pennsylvania Law Journal volume 7, page 366 [2]:

     He had the key of a closet in which the moneys of this fund were kept, but the outer key of the vault, of which the closet formed part, was in the charge of another person.

8. Someone or something entrusted to one's care, such as a child to a babysitter or a student to a teacher.

   The child was a charge of the nanny.

9. A load or burden; cargo.

   The ship had a charge of colonists and their belongings.

10. An instruction.

    I gave him the charge to get the deal closed by the end of the month.

11. (basketball) An offensive foul in which the player with the ball moves into a stationary defender.
12. (firearms) A measured amount of powder and/or shot in a cartridge.
13. (by extension) A measured amount of explosive.
    • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, Olympia Press:

      Watt might have broken the door down, with an axe, or a crow, or a small charge of explosive, but this might have aroused Erskine's suspicions, and Watt did not want that.

15. (heraldry) An image displayed on an escutcheon.
16. (weaponry) A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack.

    to bring a weapon to the charge

17. (farriery) A sort of plaster or ointment.
18. (obsolete) Weight; import; value.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

      many suchlike as's of great charge

19. (historical or obsolete) A measure of thirty-six pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; a charre.
20. (ecclesiastical) An address given at a church service concluding a visitation.
21. (slang, uncountable) Cannabis.
    • 1966, Alan Bestic, Turn Me on Man, page 58:

      At about the same time I went off pills and started smoking charge marijuana, you know.

    • 1970, Sean O'Callaghan, Drug Addiction in Britain, page 51:

      It had been a false alarm, and £2 worth of charge (marijuana) had gone out of the window.

派生語

動詞

charge (三人称単数 現在形 charges, 現在分詞 charging, 過去形および過去分詞形 charged)

1. To assign a duty or responsibility to.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 22:5:

     Moses […] charged you to love the Lord your God.

   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition.

2. (transitive) To assign (a debit) to an account.

   Let's charge this to marketing.

3. (transitive) To pay on account, as by using a credit card.

   Can I charge my purchase to my credit card?

   Can I charge this purchase?

4. (transitive, intransitive) To require payment (of) (a price または fee, for goods, services, etc.).

   to charge high for goods

   I won't charge you for the wheat.

   • 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

     Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

5. (dated) To sell at a given price.

   to charge coal at $5 per unit

6. (law) To formally accuse (a person) of a crime.

   I'm charging you with assault and battery.

7. To impute or ascribe.
   • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis; John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Third Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

     No more accuse thy pen, but charge the crime / On native sloth, and negligence of time.

   • 1966, Stringfellow Barr, The Mask of Jove:

     He lacked the art of wounding with the sword, and in any case his critics charged that he shrank from steel; but his invective was worthy of Demosthenes and his words drew blood.

8. To call to account; to challenge.
   • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     to charge me to an answer

9. (transitive) To place a burden, load or responsibility on or in.
   • 1693, [John Locke], “§64”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:

     the charging of children's memories […] with rules

   • 1800, James Hogg, The Mysterious Bride:

     [H]er grandfather […] charged her as she valued her life never to mention that again […]

   • 1911, The Encyclopedia Britannica, entry on Moya:

     [A] huge torrent of boiling black mud, charged with blocks of rock and moving with enormous rapidity, rolled like an avalanche down the gorge.

   1. To ornament with or cause to bear.

      to charge an architectural member with a moulding

   2. (heraldry) To assume as a bearing.

      He charges three roses.

   3. (heraldry) To add to or represent on.

      He charges his shield with three roses or.

10. (transitive) To load equipment with material required for its use, as a firearm with powder, a fire hose with water, a chemical reactor with raw materials.

    Charge your weapons; we're moving up.

    • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

      their battering cannon charged to the mouths

    1. (transitive) To cause to take on an electric charge.

       Rubbing amber with wool will charge it quickly.

    2. (transitive) To replenish energy to (a battery, または a device containing a battery) by use of an electrical device plugged into a power outlet.

       He charged the battery overnight.

       Don't forget to charge the drill.

       I charge my phone every night.

    3. (intransitive, of a battery または a device containing a battery) To replenish energy.

       The battery is still charging: I can't use it yet.

       His cell phone charges very quickly, whereas mine takes forever.

11. (intransitive) To move forward quickly and forcefully, particularly in combat and/or on horseback.
    • 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?‎^[3], archived from the original on 3 November 2022, 16:22 from the start:

      Faced with an enemy whose largest gun turrets weigh more than the entire ship, Johnston decides that running is boring, and instead pulls a full 180-degree turn and charges straight back at the attacking forces.

    1. (military, transitive and intransitive) To attack by moving forward quickly in a group.

       The impetuous corps charged the enemy lines.

       • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:

         My Lord, we haue diſcouered the enemie
         Readie to Charge you with a mightie army.

    2. (basketball) To commit a charging foul.
    3. (cricket, of a batsman) To take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as they deliver the ball, either to disrupt the length of the delivery, or to get into a better position to hit the ball.
12. (transitive, of a hunting dog) To lie on the belly and be still. (A command given by a hunter to a dog)