burdenとは

意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• burthen (古風な用法)

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈbɜːdn/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈbɝdn/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)dən

名詞

burden (複数形 burdens)

1. A heavy load.
   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4

     There were four or five men in the vault already, and I could hear more coming down the passage, and guessed from their heavy footsteps that they were carrying burdens.

2. A responsibility, onus.
3. A cause of worry; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.
   • (Can we date this quote by Jonathan Swift かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, / To all my friends a burden grown.

4. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry.

   a ship of a hundred tons burden

5. (mining) The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.
6. (metalworking) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Raymond to this entry?)

7. A fixed quantity of certain commodities.

   A burden of gad steel is 120 pounds.

8. (obsolete, まれに) A birth.

   […] that bore thee at a burden two fair sons.

9. (medicine) The total amount of toxins, parasites, cancer cells, plaque or similar present in an organism.

派生語

動詞

burden (三人称単数 現在形 burdens, 現在分詞 burdening, 過去形および過去分詞形 burdened)

1. (transitive) To encumber with a literal or figurative burden.

   to burden a nation with taxes

   • Bible, 2 Corinthians viii. 13

     I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened.

   • 1591, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

     My burdened heart would break.

2. (transitive) To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy または objectionable).
   • (Can we date this quote by Coleridge かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell.

派生語

• burden basket
• burdensome
• beast of burden

語源 2

From Old French bordon. See bourdon.

名詞

burden (複数形 burdens)

2. (music) A phrase or theme that recurs at the end of each verse in a folk song or ballad.
   • 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 1 scene 2

     Foot it featly here and there; / And, sweet sprites, the burden bear.

   • 1846, Edgar Allan Poe, The Philosophy of Composition

     As commonly used, the refrain, or burden, not only is limited to lyric verse, but depends for its impression upon the force of monotone - both in sound and thought.

3. The drone of a bagpipe.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Ruddiman to this entry?)

4. Theme, core idea.

   the burden of the argument

アナグラム

• bunder, burned, unbred