juryとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English jure, from Anglo-Norman juree, from Medieval Latin iūrāta, from Latin iūrō (“I swear または take an oath”).

The Jury an 1861 painting of a British jury

名詞

jury (複数形 juries)

1. (law) A group of individuals chosen from the general population to hear and decide a case in a court of law.
   • 1952, James Avery Joyce, Justice At Work, Pan 1957 edition, page 92:

     And so the jury and he approached, as if this were a time of peace instead of one of the greatest world disturbances ever known in history, the question whether the prosecution had proved to the jury’s satisfaction that George Joseph Smith was guilty of murder. The jury were the shield which stood between him and death, unless, to the jury’s satisfaction, he was proved to be guilty. Yet while they were the shield of the man accused, they were also the Sword of the State; and if the man were proved guilty, they were the servants of the State to punish him. Their respective functions were these: he the judge, had to settle the law, and the jury must take the law from him. The jury were judges of fact.

2. A group of judges in a competition.
3. (theater, slang) The audience attending the first night of a performance, whose reaction may determine whether it succeeds or fails.
   • 1828, The New Monthly Magazine (page 418)

     The jury which decides on the first night usually seals the fate of the season.

   • 1971, George Jean Nathan, The Entertainment of a Nation: Or, Three-sheets in the Wind (page 130)

     The widespread idea that before a first-night the audience, dressed to the nose, dines en masse at the Colony and proceeds elegantly to the scene in Hispanos is as fabulous as that which imagines it assembles at Lindy's delicatessen in yesterday's shirt and moves on to the theatre in garbage wagons. And no less spurious is the theory that, in either case or in both together, the jury is possessed of a remarkably rich acumen in the matter of theatrical values.

Meronyms

• juror

派生語

派生した語

• → French: jury
  • → Turkish: jüri
• Portuguese: júri

動詞

jury (三人称単数 現在形 juries, 現在分詞 jurying, 過去形および過去分詞形 juried)

1. To judge by means of a jury.

語源 2

Early 1600s, of uncertain origin. Perhaps ultimately from Old French ajurie, from Latin adiūtō.

Alternatively, perhaps ultimately from Frankish *garu (“ready, prepared”), related to Middle English yore, ȝare, from 古期英語 ġeoro, ġearu (“ready, prompt, prepared, quick”).

形容詞

jury (not comparable)

1. (nautical) For temporary use; applied to a temporary contrivance.

   jury mast

   jury rudder

派生語

• jurymast
• jury-rig