musterとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English, borrowed from Anglo-Norman mostrer, Middle French monstrer, moustrer (whence the noun monstre, which gave the English noun), from Latin mōnstrāre (“to show”), from monere (“to admonish”). Cognate with French montrer (“to show”), Italian mostrare (“to show”), Spanish mostrar (“to show”). See also monster.

発音

• (英国用法) IPA^(key): /ˈmʌs.tə/
• (米国用法) IPA^(key): /ˈmʌs.tɚ/
• Rhymes: -ʌstə(ɹ)

名詞

muster (複数形 musters)

1. Gathering.
   1. An assemblage or display; a gathering, collection of people or things. [from 14th c.]
      • 1743, Richard Steele & Joseph Addison, The Lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq.:

        She seems to hear the Repetition of his Mens Names with Admiration; and waits only to answer him with as false a Muster of Lovers.

      • 1848, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 11, in The History of England from the Accession of James II:

        Of the temporal grandees of the realm, and of their wives and daughters, the muster was great and splendid.

      • 1920, Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia, Issue 13,

        The figures from 1788 to 1825 inclusive, as already mentioned, are based on the musters taken in those years; those for subsequent years are based upon estimates made on the basis of Census results and the annual […] .

   2. (chiefly military) An assembling or review of troops, as for parade, verification of numbers, inspection, exercise, or introduction into service. [from 15th c.]
      • 1598, William Shakespeare, King Henry IV, Part 1:

        Come, let vs take a muster speedily: / Doomesday is neere; dye all, dye merrily.

      • 1663, Samuel Pepys, Diary, 4 Jul 1663:

        And after long being there, I 'light, and walked to the place where the King, Duke &c., did stand to see the horse and foot march by and discharge their guns, to show a French Marquisse (for whom this muster was caused) the goodness of our firemen […]

      • 2010, Ohtar, "Enthroned", Slechtvalk, A Forlorn Throne.

        To shorten his way and to hasten for the muster he takes a long lost road.

   3. The sum total of an army when assembled for review and inspection; the whole number of effective men in an army.
      • (Can we date this quote by Wyclif かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

        The muster was thirty thousands of men.

      • (Can we date this quote by Hooker かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

        Ye publish the musters of your own bands, and proclaim them to amount of thousands.

   4. (Australia, New Zealand) A roundup of livestock for inspection, branding, drenching, shearing etc. [from 19th c.]
      • 2006, John Gilfoyle, Bloody Jackaroos!, Boolarong Press:

        McGuire took the two of them out to Kidman's Bore on the Sylvester River where about two dozen stockmen from different stations had gathered to tend the muster along the edge of the Simpson Desert.

2. Showing.
   1. (obsolete) Something shown for imitation; a pattern. [15th-19th c.]
   2. (obsolete) An act of showing something; a display. [15th-17th c.]
      • 1590, Sir Philip Sidney, Arcadia, Book III:

        Thus all things being condignely ordered, will an ill favoured impatiencie he waited, until the next morning he might make a muster of him selfe in the Iland [...].

      • 1647, Beaumont and Fletcher, The Queen of Corinth, Act 2:

        And when you find your women's favour fail, / 'Tis ten to one you'll know yourself, and seek me, / Upon a better muster of your manners.

   3. A collection of peafowl (an invented term rather than one used by zoologists). [from 15th c.]

派生語

• pass muster
• bangtail muster

動詞

muster (三人称単数 現在形 musters, 現在分詞 mustering, 過去形および過去分詞形 mustered)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To show, exhibit. [15th-17th c.]
2. (intransitive) To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like (especially of a military force); to come together as parts of a force or body. [from 15th c.]
   • 1859, Charles Dickens, The Haunted House:

     We were then in the third week of November; but, we took our measures so vigorously, and were so well seconded by the friends in whom we confided, that there was still a week of the month unexpired, when our party all came down together merrily, and mustered in the haunted house.

3. (transitive) To collect, call or assemble together, such as troops or a group for inspection, orders, display etc. [from 15th c.]
   • 12 July 2012, Sam Adams, AV Club Ice Age: Continental Drift

     With the help of some low-end boosting, Dinklage musters a decent amount of kid-appropriate menace—although he never does explain his gift for finding chunks of ice shaped like pirate ships—but Romano and Leary mainly sound bored, droning through their lines as if they’re simultaneously texting the contractors building the additions on their houses funded by their fat sequel paychecks.

4. (transitive, US) To enroll (into service). [from 19th c.]
5. (transitive, Australia, New Zealand) To gather or round up livestock.

同意語

• (gather, unite, especially troops): rally

派生語

• muster in
• muster out
• muster up

名詞

muster (複数形 musters)

1. Synonym of mustee
   • 1825, The Gentleman's Magazine, page 4:

     The next, the Quadroon, from the white and mulatto woman. The third descent, from a white and quadroon, is called a muster; from the fourth, between a white and a muster, springs the musteephinas and the fifth descent, viz. from a white and musteephina, is white by law, and of free birth; indeed the two latter classes are as white as a European.

   • 1925, Charles Spurgeon Johnson, Elmer Anderson Carter, Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life, page 291:

     Mixed bloods, they are suspended between two races, — mulattoes, quadroons, musters, mustafinas, cabres, griffies, zambis, quatravis, tresalvis, coyotes, saltatras, albarassados, cambusos, — neither white nor black, but Negroes.

参照

• muster in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• muster in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

アナグラム

• Sumter, estrum, mustre, muters, stumer, turmes