packとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English pak, pakke, from 古期英語 *pæcca and/or Middle Dutch pak, packe; both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *pakkō, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô (“bundle, pack”). Cognate with Dutch pak (“pack”), Low German Pack (“pack”), German Pack (“pack”), Swedish packe (“pack”), Icelandic pakka, pakki (“package”).

名詞

pack (複数形 packs)

1. A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back, but also a load for an animal, a bale.

   The horses carried the packs across the plain.

   • 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Slavery in Massachusetts:

     We do not ask him to make up his mind, but to make up his pack.

2. A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack
3. A multitude.

   a pack of lies

   a pack of complaints

4. A number or quantity of connected or similar things; a collective.
5. A full set of playing cards

   We were going to play cards, but nobody brought a pack.

6. The assortment of playing cards used in a particular game.

   cut the pack

7. A group of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together.
   • 2005, John D. Skinner, Christian T. Chimimba, The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion:

     African wild dogs hunt by sight, although stragglers use their noses to follow the pack.

8. A wolfpack: a number of wolves, hunting together.
   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 117:

     If I hurried down to the river, he said, I should be sure to fall in with a pack of wolves, for just as he was driving up the hill close to the sound, they started up the river on the ice.

9. A flock of knots.
   • 1988, Michael Cady, Rob Hume, editors, The Complete Book of British Birds, page 154:

     They form extremely tight flocks, which carpet the ground, giving rise to the descriptive name of "a pack" of knots.

10. A group of people associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a gang.

    a pack of thieves

    • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 240:

      "She will try, for she does not know that it is you who dropped the tallow on the shirt; but that can only be done by Christian folks, and not by a pack of trolls like we have in this place; and so I will say that I will not have anybody else for a bride except the one who can wash the shirt clean, and I know you can do that."

11. A group of Cub Scouts.
12. A shook of cask staves.
13. A bundle of sheet iron plates for rolling simultaneously.
14. A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less closely.

    The ship had to sail round the pack of ice.

15. (medicine) An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice, called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method of treatment.
16. (slang) A loose, lewd, or worthless person. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
17. (snooker, pool) A tight group of object balls in cue sports. Usually the reds in snooker.
18. (rugby) The forwards in a rugby team (eight in Rugby Union, six in Rugby League) who with the opposing pack constitute the scrum.

    The captain had to take a man out of the pack to replace the injured fullback.

    • 2019 November 3, Liam de Carme, “Boks, you beauties”, in Sunday Times‎^[1]:

      If the pack wasn't pummelling England, Handre Pollard kept delivering telling blows.

19. (roller derby) The largest group of blockers from both teams skating in close proximity.

同意語

(full set of cards): deck

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English pakken, from the noun (see above). Compare Middle Dutch packen (“to pack”), Middle Low German packen (“to pack”).

動詞

pack (三人称単数 現在形 packs, 現在分詞 packing, 過去形および過去分詞形 packed)

1. (physical) To put or bring things together in a limited or confined space, especially for storage or transport.
   1. (transitive) To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack

      to pack goods in a box;  to pack fish

      • 1712, Joseph Addison, The Spectator, number 275:

        strange materials wound up in that shape and texture, and packed together with wonderful art in the several cavities of the skull

      • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

        Where, for these many hundred years, the bones
        Of all my buried ancestors are packed

   2. (transitive) To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into.

      to pack a trunk;  the play, or the audience, packs the theater

      • 1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:

        By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

   3. (transitive) To wrap in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings.

      The doctor gave Kelly some sulfa pills and packed his arm in hot-water bags.

   4. (transitive) To make impervious, such as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without allowing air, water, or steam inside.

      to pack a joint;  to pack the piston of a steam engine;  pack someone's arm with ice.

   5. (intransitive) To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation.
   6. (intransitive) To form a compact mass, especially in order for transportation.

      the goods pack conveniently;  wet snow packs well

   7. (intransitive, of animals) To gather together in flocks, herds, schools or similar groups of animals.

      the grouse or the perch begin to pack

   8. (transitive, historical) To combine (telegraph messages) in order to send them more cheaply as a single transmission.
2. (social) To cheat.
   1. (transitive, card games) To sort and arrange (the cards) in the pack to give oneself an unfair advantage
      • 1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], (please specify |epistle=I to IV), London: Printed for J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC:

        Mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.

   2. (transitive) To bring together or make up unfairly, in order to secure a certain result.

      to pack a jury

      • 1687, Francis Atterbury, An answer to some considerations on the spirit of Martin Luther and the original of the Reformation:

        The expected council was dwindling into […] a packed assembly of Italian bishops.

   3. (transitive) To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot.
      • 1655, Thomas Fuller, “He lost life […] upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies.”, in James Nichols, editor, The Church History of Britain, […], new edition, volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [James Nichols] for Thomas Tegg and Son, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

   4. (intransitive) To put together for morally wrong purposes; to join in cahoots.
      • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

        This naughty man / Shall face to face be brought to Margaret, / Who, I believe, was pack'd in all this wrong, / Hired to it by your brother.

3. (transitive) To load with a pack

   to pack a horse

4. (transitive, figurative) to load; to encumber.
   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

     our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey

5. To move, send or carry.
   1. (transitive) To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; especially, to send away peremptorily or suddenly; – sometimes with off. See pack off.

      to pack a boy off to school

      • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

        Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven.

   2. (transitive, US, chiefly Western US) To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (on the backs of men または animals).
   3. (intransitive) To depart in haste; – generally with off or away.
      • 1723, Jonathan Swift, Stella at Wood-Park:

        Poor Stella must pack off to town.

      • 1842, Alfred Tennyson, Dora:

        You shall pack, / And never more darken my doors again.

   4. (transitive, slang) To carry weapons, especially firearms, on one's person.

      packing heat

   5. (intransitive, LGBT, especially of a trans man または drag king) To wear an object, such as a prosthetic penis, inside one’s trousers to appear more male or masculine.
      • 1995, Robin Sweeney, “Too Butch to Be Bi (または You Can't Judge a Boy by Her Lover)”, in Naomi Tucker, Liz Highleyman, Rebecca Kaplan, editors, Bisexual Politics: Theories, Queries, and Visions‎^[2], Binghamton: The Haworth Press, →ISBN, page 181:

        I am a butch bisexual woman […] Frequently I like to appear as masculine as I can, often passing for male on the street. […] Sometimes I pack when I go out, putting my dildo in my pants and wearing my dick out of the house.

6. (transitive, sports, slang) To block a shot, especially in basketball.
7. (intransitive, rugby, of the forwards in a rugby team) To play together cohesively, specially with reference to their technique in the scrum.

同意語

• (To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly): stack

反意語

• (make into a pack): unpack

派生語