ginとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: jĭn, IPA^(key): /dʒɪn/
• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Homophone: djinn

名詞

gin (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 gins)

1. A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.
2. (uncountable) Gin rummy.
3. (poker) Drawing the best card or combination of cards.

   Johnny Chan held jack-nine, and hit gin when a queen-ten-eight board was dealt out.

派生語

• bathtub gin
• gin joint
• gin pennant
• sloe gin

関連する語

• genever
• juniper

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021), “gin”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• gin in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

語源 2

Partly from Middle English gin, ginne (“cleverness, scheme, talent, device, machine”), from Old French gin, an aphetism of Old French engin (“engine”); and partly from Middle English grin, grine (“snare, trick, stratagem, deceit, temptation, noose, halter, instrument”), from 古期英語 grin, gryn, giren, geren (“snare, gin, noose”).

発音

• enPR: jĭn, IPA^(key): /dʒɪn/
• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Homophone: djinn

名詞

gin (複数形 gins)

1. (obsolete) A trick; a device or instrument.
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Chanons Yeman”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], OCLC 230972125; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, OCLC 932884868, folio lxvi, verso:

     […] The hole wyth waxe, to kepe the limayle in / And vnderſtandeth that thys falſe gyn / was not made there […]

     […] the hole with wax to keep the filings in—and understand, this fake device wasn’t made there […] .

2. (obsolete) A scheme; contrivance; artifice; a figurative trap or snare.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book 2, canto 3:

     treason and deceiptfull gin

3. A snare or trap for game.
4. A machine for raising or moving heavy objects, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.
5. (mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.
6. A pile driver.
7. A windpump.
8. A cotton gin.
9. An instrument of torture worked with screws.

関連する語

• (cotton gin): ginner, ginnery

動詞

gin (三人称単数 現在形 gins, 現在分詞 ginning, 過去形および過去分詞形 ginned)

1. (transitive) To remove the seeds from cotton with a cotton gin.
2. (transitive) To trap something in a gin.

派生語

• gin up

派生した語

• ⇒ Italian: ginnare

語源 3

From Middle English ginnen (“to begin”), contraction of beginnen, from 古期英語 beginnan, from Proto-Germanic *biginnaną.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɡɪn/

動詞

gin (三人称単数 現在形 gins, 現在分詞 ginning, 過去形 gan, 過去分詞 gun)

1. (archaic) To begin.
   • 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii]:

     Gonzalo: All three of them are deſperate : their great guilt / (Like poyſon giuen to worke a great time after) / Now gins to bite the ſpirits : / […]

語源 4

Borrowed from Dharug dyin (“woman”), but having acquired a derogatory tone.^[1]

発音

• enPR: jĭn, IPA^(key): /dʒɪn/
• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Homophone: djinn

名詞

gin (複数形 gins)

1. (Australia, now considered offensive) An Aboriginal woman.
   • 1869, Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia, Volume 1, page 273,

     His next shot was discharged amongst the mob, and most unfortunately wounded the gin already mentioned ; who, with a child fastened to her back, slid down the bank, and lay, apparently dying, with her legs in the water.

   • 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter XXI, [1]

     From my position I could see the gins pointing back, and as the men turned they looked for a moment and then made a wild rush for the entrance.

   • 1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, D. Appleton-Century, 1943, Chapter XXI, p. 353, [2]

     How they must have laughed about the strutting of her whose mother was a wanton and aunt a gin!

   • 1988, Tom Cole, Hell West and Crooked, Angus & Robertson, 1995, p.179,

     Dad said Shoesmith and Thompson had made one error that cost them their lives by letting the gins into the camp, and the blacks speared them all.

   • 2008, Bill Marsh, Jack Goldsmith, Goldie: Adventures in a Vanishing Australia, unnumbered page,

     But there was this gin there, see, what they called a kitchen girl.

関連する語

• blackgin

同意語

• lubra

派生語

参照

語源 5

Cognate to Scots gin (“if”): perhaps from gi(v)en,^[1] or a compound in which the first element is from 古期英語 ġif (English if) and the second is cognate to English an (“if”) (compare iffen),^[1] or perhaps from again.^[1]

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɡɪn/

接続詞

gin

1. (chiefly Scotland, Northern England, Southern US, Appalachia) If.
   • 1605, Richard Verstegan, Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, in Antiquities: Concerning the Most Noble, and Renowned English Nation:

     […] for pronouncing according as one would ſay at London I would eat more cheeſe if I had it, the Northern man ſaith, Ay ſuld eat mare cheeſe gin ay hadet, and the Weſterne man ſaith Chud eat more cheeſe an chad it.

   • 1804, Robert Couper, Poetry, I. 196:

     Gin the plough rests on the bank, / The loom, the nation, dies.

   • 1809, Thomas Donaldson, Poems, 76:

     An' gin I'm weel and can keep sober / You may look for it in October.

   • 1815, Robert Anderson, Ballads in the Cumberland dialect, page 152:

     He's get han' and siller, / Gin he fancies me.

   • 1860, J. P. K. Shuttleworth, Scarsdale; Or, Life on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Border, Thirty Years Ago, page 158:

     yon felley at Barleigh has wrote farrantly (fairly) to my naunt; gin Robin could bur see ť letter he'd foind no fawt wi' me.

   • 1870, John Christopher Atkinson, Lost; or, What came of a slip from 'honour bright'., page 19:

     Wheeah, Ah thinks thee could, gin ye tried.

   • 1876, Mrs. George Linnaeus Banks, The Manchester Man, page 15:

     "Aw'd never ha slept i' mi bed gin that little un had bin dreawnded, an' me lookin' on loike a stump. Neay; that lass wur Bess, moi wench. We'n no notion wheer th' lad's mother is." Mr. Clough would have pressed the money upon him, but he put it back with a motion of his han.

   • 1880, Banks, Wooers, I. iv:

     […] gin schoo sets off in a tantrum an' flaah's t'mistress wiv her blutherin […]

参照

アナグラム

• -ing, -ïng, GNI, IGN, NGI, ing, nig