Gothicとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Late Latin gothicus (“Gothic, barbaric”), from Ancient Greek Γοτθικός (Gotthikós), from Ancient Greek Γότθοι (Gótthoi, “Goths”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), proposed to derive from unattested Gothic *�������� (*guta). Equivalent to Goth +‎ -ic. The various usages of the adjective are introduced nearly simultaneously in the first half of the 17th century. The literal meaning “of the Goths” is found in the 1611 preface of the King James Bible, in reference to the Gothicke tongue. The generalized meaning of “Germanic, Teutonic” appears in the 1640s. Reference to the medieval period in Western Europe, and specifically the architecture of that period (“barbaric style”, initially a term of abuse), also appears in the 1640s, as does reference to “Gothic characters” or “Gothic letters” in typography.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/
  • 韻: -ɒθɪk

固有名詞

Gothic

1. An extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths.

派生語

• Crimean Gothic

参考

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Gothic terms
• Appendix:Gothic Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Gothic

形容詞

Gothic (comparative more Gothic, superlative most Gothic)

1. Of or relating to the Goths or their language. [from 1611]
2. (figuratively) Barbarous, rude, unpolished, belonging to the “Dark Ages”, medieval as opposed to classical.

   Synonyms: barbarous, medieval, rude, unpolished

   Antonym: classical

   • 1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, II.iii.6:

     “[W]hat he holds of all things to be most gothic, is gallantry to the women.”

   • 1812 letter, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Prose Works, volume II, quoted in OED, published 1888, page 384:

     Enormities which gleam like comets through the darkness of gothic and superstitious ages.

3. (architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. [from 1640s]

   Coordinate terms: Romanesque, Baroque

   Gothic arches

   • 1944 January and February, C. F. Cobon, “The County of London Plan”, in Railway Magazine, page 24:

     Or does the L.C.C. [London County Council] dislike nineteenth century Gothic?

   • 2000, Paul Frankl, Paul Crossley, Gothic Architecture, Yale University Press (→ISBN), page 258:

     The Gothic style did not cease to exist: it did, however, cease to be all-powerful, and it almost ceased to create new forms. Gothic architects had by this time drawn every possible conclusion from the premises which had been laid down […]

4. (literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with the Gothic Revival, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. [from early 19th c.]

   Gothic tales

   • 1975, John V. Murphy, The Dark Angel: Gothic Elements in Shelley's Works, Bucknell University Press (→ISBN), page 9:

     Shelley's two early novels Zastrozzi and St. Irvyne are, as many scholars have noted, obviously connected to the tradition of the Gothic novel; as well, two volumes of early poetry contain Gothic elements and his tragedy The Cenci has been […]

5. (typography, England) Of the name of type formerly used to print, at last, German, also known as black letter.

   Gothic letters

6. (typography, US) Of a sans serif typeface using straight, even-width lines, also known as grotesque.
7. Of or relating to the goth subculture, music or lifestyle. [from 1980s]

   Synonym: goth

   Coordinate terms: punk, post-punk, industrial

   Gothic rock

   Gothic dress

   • 1983, New Musical Express, 24 December 1983, in OED

     Why is this gothic glam so popular?

同意語

• Gothish

派生語

名詞

Gothic (複数形 Gothics)

1. A novel written in the Gothic style.
   • 1996, Nora Sayre, Sixties going on seventies, page 180:

     One hundred fifty Gothics sold over 1.5 million copies a month last spring.