desolateとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 desolaten (“to desolate”), from desolat(e) (“desolate”), from Latin dēsōlātus, perfect passive participle of dēsōlō (“to leave alone, make lonely, lay waste, desolate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more.

動詞

desolate (third-person singular simple present desolates, present participle desolating, simple past and past participle desolated)

1. To deprive of inhabitants.

   Synonyms: depeople, depopulate, dispeople, unpeople, unpopulate

   • 1625, Francis Bacon, “Of Vicissitude of Things”, in Essays‎, London: H. Herringman et al., published 1691, page 204:

     If you consider well of the People of the West-Indies, it is very probable, that they are a newer or younger People, than the People of the old World. And it is much more likely, that the destruction that hath heretofore been there, was not by Earthquakes, […] but rather, it was Desolated by a particular Deluge: For Earthquakes are seldom in those Parts.

   • 1717, John Dryden, transl., Ovid’s Metamorphoses‎, Dublin: G. Risk et al., published 1727, Volume I, Book I, p. 16:

     O Righteous Themis, if the Pow’rs above
     By Pray’rs are bent to pity, and to love;
     If humane Miseries can move their Mind;
     If yet they can forgive, and yet be kind;
     Tell how we may restore, by second birth,
     Mankind, and people desolated Earth.

   • 1891, Charles Creighton, chapter 1, in A History of Epidemics in Britain‎, Cambridge University Press, page 23:

     York was so desolated just before the survey that it is not easy to estimate its ordinary population […]

2. To devastate or lay waste somewhere.

   Synonyms: devastate, ravage; see also Thesaurus:destroy

   • 1801, Robert Southey, “The Third Book”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume I, London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC, page 168:

     Then Moath pointed where a cloud
     Of Locusts, from the desolated fields
     Of Syria, wing’d their way.

   • 1905, H. G. Wells, A Modern Utopia‎, Chapter 2, § 3:

     But in Utopia there will be wide stretches of cheerless or unhealthy or toilsome or dangerous land with never a household; there will be regions of mining and smelting, black with the smoke of furnaces and gashed and desolated by mines, with a sort of weird inhospitable grandeur of industrial desolation, and the men will come thither and work for a spell and return to civilisation again, washing and changing their attire in the swift gliding train.

3. To abandon or forsake something.

   Synonyms: give up, relinquish, vacate, withsake

   • 1828, Algernon Herbert, Nimrod: A Discourse on Certain Passages of History and Fable:

     It is not to be supposed that when Cush left Armenia, he left it desolate, and that a rich and long settled country was abandoned altogether; for it would be an absurd way of founding an universal empire, to desolate one country in order to people another.

   • 2007, James B. Jordan, The Handwriting on the Wall: A Commentary on the Book of Daniel, →ISBN:

     This completion of the Temple and attack upon Christians is the event that marks the apostasy that causes desolation, the detestable act that causes God to desolate (abandon) and destroy the Temple for the last time.

   • 2013, Tracey A. Revenson, “Debunking the Myth of Lonelines in Late Life”, in Redefining Social Problems, →ISBN, page 126:

     Combining widowed, separated, and divorced elders into a single group ("desolated"), the data indicated that desolated elders were slightly more lonely than either married or never-married older people (although this trend was not statistically significant at the conventional .05 level).

4. To make someone sad, forlorn and hopeless.

   Synonyms: deject, get down; see also Thesaurus:sadden

   • 1914, Arnold Bennett, The Author’s Craft‎, London: Hodder & Stoughton, Part II, p. 44:

     It is not altogether uncommon to hear a reader whose heart has been desolated by the poignancy of a narrative complain that the writer is unemotional.

   • 1948, Alan Paton, chapter 36, in Cry, the Beloved Country‎, New York: Scribner, page 271:

     Kumalo stood shocked at the frightening and desolating words.

関連する語

• desolation

語源 2

From 中期英語 desolat(e). See Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

形容詞

desolate (comparative more desolate, superlative most desolate)

1. Deserted and devoid of inhabitants.

   Synonyms: peopleless, uninhabited; see also Thesaurus:abandoned, Thesaurus:uninhabited

   a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness; a desolate house

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 9:11:

     I will make Jerusalem […] a den of dragons, and I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant.

   • 1830, Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Dying Swan:

     And the silvery marish flowers that throng / The desolate creeks and pools among.

2. Barren and lifeless.

   Synonyms: dearthful, scrunty, sere, sterile

3. Made unfit for habitation or use because of neglect, destruction etc.

   Synonyms: devastated, empty, forsaken, ravaged, wasted

   desolate altars

4. Dismal or dreary.

   Synonyms: bleak, gloomy; see also Thesaurus:cheerless

5. Sad, forlorn and hopeless.

   Synonyms: miserable, sorrowful; see also Thesaurus:sad

   He was left desolate by the early death of his wife.

   • 1827, [John Keble], The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC:

     voice of the poor and desolate

   • 1983 December 10, Mike Riegle, quoting Lorrie Ong and Jackie Jackson, “Sexual Politics of "Crime": Inside and Out”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 21, page 5:

     Any help and suggestions from our gay brothers and sisters would be appreciated from this isolated camp. We need some contacts: lawyers, organizations, or people who are concerned enough to help. We are two desolate, suppressed lesbians! We are seeking help from anyone who will help us fight for our rights.

派生語

Further reading

• “desolate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “desolate”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “desolate”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.