Boneとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English bon, from 古期英語 bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).

Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bien (“bone”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan ������������‎ (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.

別の表記

• bane, byen (dialectal)

名詞

A bone.

bone (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 bones)

1. (uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
   • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."‎^[1], London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:

     Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

2. (countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene v], page 275, column 1:

     No Trophee, Sword, nor Hatchment o're his bones.

3. A bone of a fish; a fishbone.
4. A bonefish
   • 2019: "Tres Bocas" by Scott Sadil, California Fly Fisher

     The reason I rarely fish for Mag Bay bones with a 5-weight or 6-weight is the number of fish that can turn light stuff inside out.

5. One of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame, the boning, originally made of whalebone.
6. One of the fragments of bone held between the fingers of the hand and rattled together to keep time to music.
7. Anything made of bone, such as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
8. (figuratively) The framework of anything.
9. An off-white colour, like the colour of bone.

   bone:  

10. (US, informal) A dollar.
11. (米国用法 football, informal) The wishbone formation.
12. (slang) An erect penis; a boner.
13. (slang, chiefly in the plural) A domino or dice.
    • 1899 (please specify the page), Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], OCLC 1042815524, part:

      The Accountant had brought out already a box of dominoes, and was toying architecturally with the bones.

14. (slang) A cannabis cigarette; a joint.
    • 2006, Sean Conway, Gillis Huckabee (page 140)

      In between sets I took her outside, sat against a fence near the dumpster, and smoked a bone with her.

15. (figuratively) A reward.
    • 1979, Pink Floyd, Nobody Home

      When I'm a good dog they sometimes throw me a bone in

同意語

• os (まれに)
• (rigid parts of a corset): rib, stay
• (reward): doggy treat

上位語

• skeleton

下位語

派生語

形容詞

bone (not comparable)

1. Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.

動詞

bone (三人称単数 現在形 bones, 現在分詞 boning, 過去形および過去分詞形 boned)

1. To prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from.

   Synonyms: debone, unbone

   • 1949, Kenneth Lewis Roberts, I Wanted to Write‎^[2], page 44:

     One of the fish stalls specialized in boning shad, and he who has never eaten a boned shad baked twenty minutes on a hot oak plank has been deprived of the most delicious morsel that the ocean yields.

   • 1977, Prosper Montagné, Charlotte Snyder Turgeon, The New Larousse Gastronomique‎^[3], page 73:

     The ballottine is made of a piece of meat, fowl, game or fish which is boned, stuffed, and rolled into the shape of a bundle. The term ballottine should strictly apply only to meat, boned and rolled, but not stuffed.

   • 2009, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, A History of Food‎^[4], page 379:

     Then it is boned; keeping the bone in during cooking improves the flavour and enriches the meat with calcium.

   • 2011, Aliza Green, Steve Legato, The Fishmonger's Apprentice‎^[5], page 38:

     Other fish suited to boning through the back include small bluefish, Arctic char, steelhead salmon, salmon, small wild striped bass, hybrid striped bass, Whitefish, drum, trout, and sea trout.

2. To fertilize with bone.
   • 1859 July 9, The Economist‎^[6], page 758:

     He cites an instance of land heavily boned 70 years ago as “still markedly luxuriant beyond any other grass land in the same district.”

3. To put whalebone into.
   • 1871, Figure-Training:

     Having my stays very fully boned and fitted with shoulder-straps.

4. (civil 工学) To make level, using a particular procedure; to survey a level line.

   boning rod

5. (vulgar, slang, usually of a man, transitive, intransitive) To have sexual intercourse (with).

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:copulate, Thesaurus:copulate with

   Related terms: boned, boner

   • 1993, “Back Seat (of My Jeep)”, in 14 Shots to the Dome, performed by LL Cool J:

     We're bonin' on the dark blocks / Wearin' out the shocks, wettin' up the dashboard clock

   • 1997, “It's All About the Benjamins”, in No Way Out, performed by Puff Daddy:

     Stash in the buildin wit this chick named Alona / From Daytona, when I was young I wants to bone her

   • 2006, Masta Ace (lyrics), “Sick of it all”, in Pariah:

     […] These cats stay rapping about cars they don't own / I am sick of rappers bragging about models they don't bone

   • 2007, Stacey Deddo, The Elimination Special, Part II: The Elimination (Drawn Together), season 3, episode 14, Comedy Central, spoken by The Jew Producer (James Arnold Taylor):

     When we return we'll find out which one of our six remaining contestants' dreams will be totally ruined, like your mom's reputation after I bone her face.

   • 2007, Reno Mounties (Reno 911!), season 4, episode 11, Comedy Central, spoken by Deputy Cherisha Kimball (Mary Birdsong):

     I swear on the good book that if you pull through, I will bone Travis Junior.

6. (Australia, dated, in Aboriginal culture) To perform "bone pointing", a ritual that is intended to bring illness or even death to the victim.
   • 1962, Arthur Upfield, The Will of the Tribe, Collier Books, page 48:

     "You don't know!", Bony echoed. "You can tell me who boned me fifteen years ago on the other side of the world, and you can't tell me who killed the white-fella in the Crater".

7. (usually with "up") To study.

   bone up

   • 1896, Burt L. Standish, Frank Merriwell's Chums:

     "I know it. You do not study." "What's the use of boning all the time! I wasn't cut out for it."

8. To polish boots to a shiny finish.
   • c. 1980,, F. van Zy, SADF National Service (1979-1980)‎^[7]:

     […] the permanent boning (excessive polishing) of boots by recruits […]

9. To nag, especially for an unpaid debt.
   • 1950, Asphalt Jungle:

     Dix Handley: Don't bone me!
     Cobby: Now look, I'm not boning you, Dix—
     Dix: Did I ever welsh?
     Cobby: Nobody said you did—
     Dix: You just boned me!

派生語

参考

• Appendix:Bones

Further reading

• Wikipedia list of bones in the human skeleton

語源 2

Origin unknown; probably related in some way to Etymology 1, above.

動詞

bone (三人称単数 現在形 bones, 現在分詞 boning, 過去形および過去分詞形 boned)

1. (transitive, slang) To apprehend, steal.
   • 1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby‎^[8], page 127:

     “Did I?” said Squeers, “Well it was rather a startling thing for a stranger to come and recommend himself by saying that he knew all about you, and what your name was, and why you were living so quiet here, and what you had boned, and who you had boned it from.”

   • 1915, William Roscoe Thayer, The Life and Letters of John Hay:

     […] as long as you and I live I take it for granted that you will not suspect me of boning them. But to guard against casualties hereafter, I have asked Nicolay to write you a line saying that I have never had in my possession or custody any of the papers which you entrusted to him.

   • 1936, J.R.R. Tolkien, “The Root of the Boot”, in Songs for the Philologists:

     But troll's old seat is much the same,
     And the bone he boned from its owner

   • 1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 802:

     Therefore she wants to take results that belong to other people: she wants to bone everybody else's loaf.

語源 3

Borrowed from French bornoyer to look at with one eye, to sight, from borgne one-eyed.

動詞

bone (三人称単数 現在形 bones, 現在分詞 boning, 過去形および過去分詞形 boned)

1. (carpentry, masonry, surveying) To sight along an object or set of objects to check whether they are level or in line^[1].
   • 1846, W. M. Buchanan, A Technological Dictionary‎^[9], page 151:

     Joiners, &c., bone their work with two straight edges.

語源 4

Clipping of trombone

名詞

bone (複数形 bones)

1. (slang) Clipping of trombone.

参照

アナグラム

• Beno, Boen, ebon

Latin

形容詞

bone

1. vocative masculine singular of bonus

参照

• “bone”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• bone in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “bone”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press