knifeとは

意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (noun): knyfe (廃れた用法)
  • (複数形): knifes (一般的ではない用法)
• (verb): knive (まれに)

語源

From Middle English knyf, knif, from late 古期英語 cnīf, from Old Norse knífr (compare Danish/Swedish/Norwegian kniv), North Frisian Knif from Proto-Germanic *knībaz (compare Low German Knief, Luxembourgish Knäip (“penknife”)), from *knīpaną (“to pinch”) (compare Dutch knijpen, Low German kniepen, Old High German gniffen), from Proto-Indo-European *gneybʰ- (compare Lithuanian gnýbti, žnýbti (“to pinch”), gnaibis (“pinching”)). Replaced Middle English sax (“knife”) from 古期英語 seax (“knife, dagger”), and replaced Middle English coutel, qwetyll (“knife”) from Old French coutel (“knife”).

The verb knife is attested since the mid 1800s;^[1] the variant knive is attested since 1733.

発音

• enPR: nīf, IPA^(key): /naɪf/
• 韻: -aɪf

名詞

knife (複数形 knives)

1. A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.
   • 2007, Scott Smith, The Ruins, page 273

     Jeff was bent low over the backboard, working with the knife, a steady sawing motion, his shirt soaked through with sweat.

2. A weapon designed with the aforementioned specifications intended for slashing and/or stabbing and too short to be called a sword. A dagger.
3. Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.

派生語

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: nefi

参考

• athame
• bayonet
• bistoury
• cake slice, cake-slice
• dagger
• poniard
• scalpel
• stiletto
• knife on Wikipedia.

動詞

knife (三人称単数 現在形 knifes, 現在分詞 knifing, 過去形および過去分詞形 knifed)

1. (transitive) To cut with a knife.
2. (transitive) To use a knife to injure or kill by stabbing, slashing, or otherwise using the sharp edge of the knife as a weapon.

   She was repeatedly knifed in the chest.

   • 1843, The Foreign Quarterly Review, volume 31, Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun, and Richter, page 236:

     One day his sergeant began to cane him, on which, seizing his knife, he knifed the sergeant : he knifed the privates : he knifed until he was finally overpowered, and, brought before a court-martial, was condemned to fifteen years at the galleys.

   • 2012, Robert Biswas-Diener, The Courage Quotient: How Science Can Make You Braver, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 92:

     The plane has been hijacked. They've already knifed a guy.

   • 2015, Ross H. Spencer, The Fedorovich File, Diversion Books, →ISBN, page 211:

     Naw, they found him in the pissery of some gin mill near the Mohawk West terminal—he'd been knifed.

3. (intransitive) To cut through as if with a knife.
4. (transitive) To betray, especially in the context of a political slate.
5. (transitive) To positively ignore, especially in order to denigrate. compare cut

参照