knifeとは

意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (noun): knyfe (廃れた用法)
  • (複数形): knifes (一般的ではない用法)
• (verb): knive (まれに)

語源

From Middle English knyf, knif, from late 古期英語 cnīf, possibly from Old Norse knífr, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz, from *knīpaną (“to pinch”), Proto-Indo-European *gneybʰ- (compare Lithuanian gnýbti, žnýbti (“to pinch”), gnaibis (“pinching”)). Replaced Middle English sax (“knife”) from 古期英語 seax (“knife, dagger”); and Middle English coutel, qwetyll (“knife”) from Old French coutel (“knife”).

The verb knife is attested since the mid 1800s;^[1] the variant knive is attested since 1733.

発音

• IPA^(key): /naɪf/
• 韻: -aɪf

名詞

knife (複数形 knives)

1. A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.
   • 2007, Scott Smith, The Ruins, page 273

     Jeff was bent low over the backboard, working with the knife, a steady sawing motion, his shirt soaked through with sweat.

2. A weapon designed with the aforementioned specifications intended for slashing and/or stabbing and too short to be called a sword. A dagger.
3. Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.

派生語

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: nefi
• → Portuguese: naifa

参考

• athame
• bayonet
• bistoury
• cake slice, cake-slice
• dagger
• poniard
• scalpel
• stiletto
• knife on Wikipedia.

動詞

knife (三人称単数 現在形 knifes, 現在分詞 knifing, 過去形および過去分詞形 knifed)

1. (transitive) To cut with a knife.
2. (transitive) To use a knife to injure or kill by stabbing, slashing, or otherwise using the sharp edge of the knife as a weapon.

   She was repeatedly knifed in the chest.

   • 1843, The Foreign Quarterly Review, volume 31, Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun, and Richter, page 236:

     One day his sergeant began to cane him, on which, seizing his knife, he knifed the sergeant : he knifed the privates : he knifed until he was finally overpowered, and, brought before a court-martial, was condemned to fifteen years at the galleys.

   • 2012, Robert Biswas-Diener, The Courage Quotient: How Science Can Make You Braver, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 92:

     The plane has been hijacked. They've already knifed a guy.

   • 2015, Ross H. Spencer, The Fedorovich File, Diversion Books, →ISBN, page 211:

     Naw, they found him in the pissery of some gin mill near the Mohawk West terminal—he'd been knifed.

3. (intransitive) To cut through as if with a knife.
4. (transitive) To betray, especially in the context of a political slate.
5. (transitive) To positively ignore, especially in order to denigrate. compare cut

参照