forgeとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English forge, from Old French forge, early Old French faverge, from Latin fabrica (“workshop”), from faber (“workman in hard materials, smith”) (genitive fabri). Cognate with Franco-Provençal favèrge.

名詞

forge (複数形 forges)

1. Furnace or hearth where metals are heated prior to hammering them into shape.
2. Workshop in which metals are shaped by heating and hammering them.
3. The act of beating or working iron or steel.
   • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] VVilliam Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], OCLC 1044372886:

     In the greater bodies the forge was easy.

語源 2

From Middle English forgen, from Anglo-Norman forger and Old French forgier, from Latin fabrico (“to frame, construct, build”).

動詞

forge (三人称単数 現在形 forges, 現在分詞 forging, 過去形および過去分詞形 forged)

2. (metallurgy) To shape a metal by heating and hammering.
   • c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii], line 451:

     On Mars's armor forged for proof eterne

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. […]. Ikey the blacksmith had forged us a spearhead after a sketch from a picture of a Greek warrior; and a rake-handle served as a shaft.

3. To form or create with concerted effort.

   The politician's recent actions are an effort to forge a relationship with undecided voters.

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], OCLC 153628242:

     Those names that the schools forged, and put into the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common use.

   • 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Enid”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], OCLC 911789798, pages 45–46:

     O purblind race of miserable men, / How many among us at this very hour / Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves. / By taking true for false, or false for true.

   • 2019 May 8, Jon Bailes, “Save yourself! The video games casting us as helpless children”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     In The Last Guardian, a kidnapped boy forges an uneasy relationship with a frightening beast in order to survive.

4. To create a forgery of; to make a counterfeit item of; to copy or imitate unlawfully.

   He had to forge his ex-wife's signature.  The jury learned the documents had been forged.

5. To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine; to fabricate.
   • 1662, [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge: University Press, 1905, OCLC 963614346:

     That paltry story is untrue, / And forged to cheat such gulls as you.

派生語

• forgery

語源 3

Make way, move ahead, most likely an alteration of force, but perhaps from forge (n.), via notion of steady hammering at something. Originally nautical, in reference to vessels.

動詞

forge (三人称単数 現在形 forges, 現在分詞 forging, 過去形および過去分詞形 forged)

1. (often as forge ahead) To move forward heavily and slowly (originally as a ship); to advance gradually but steadily; to proceed towards a goal in the face of resistance or difficulty.

   The party of explorers forged through the thick underbrush.

   We decided to forge ahead with our plans even though our biggest underwriter backed out.

   • 1849, Thomas De Quincey, Dream-Fugue (published in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine)

     And off she [a ship] forged without a shock.

2. (sometimes as forge ahead) To advance, move or act with an abrupt increase in speed or energy.

   With seconds left in the race, the runner forged into first place.