learnとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: lûn, IPA^(key): /lɜːn/
• (General American) enPR: lûrn, IPA^(key): /lɝn/
• (dialectal) enPR: lä(r)n, IPA^(key): /lɑː(ɹ)n/ (see larn)
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)n

語源 1

From Middle English lernen, from 古期英語 leornian, from Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn. Cognate with German lernen (“to learn”). See also lore.

動詞

learn (三人称単数 現在形 learns, 現在分詞 learning, 過去形および過去分詞形 learned または learnt)

1. To acquire, or attempt to acquire knowledge or an ability to do something.
   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     Every day I learn more about this great city.

2. To attend a course or other educational activity.
   • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar)​, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 3rd edition, London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], published 1719, →OCLC:

     For, as he took delight to introduce me, I took delight to learn.

3. To gain knowledge from a bad experience so as to improve.

   learn from one's mistakes

4. To study.

   I learn medicine.

   They learn psychology.

5. To come to know; to become informed of; to find out.

   He just learned that he will be sacked.

使用する際の注意点

• See other, dated and regional, sense of learn below.

Conjugation

同意語

• study

反意語

• forget
• teach

派生語

名詞

learn (複数形 learns)

1. The act of learning something
   • 2003, Gregory A. Raymer, The Woodie Chronicles: My Journey Through America on the road t recovery in a 1949 Woodie Wagon:

     I did a quick learn of the place by watching the people shuffle in. There was a healthy mix of beautiful and freaky people, who shared a few common denominators […]

語源 2

Possibly related to Middle English leren, from 古期英語 lǣran (“to teach, instruct, indoctrinate”), from Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”), from *laizō (“lore, teaching", 字義どおりに, "track, trace”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to track, furrow”).

Cognate with Scots lere, leir, Saterland Frisian leere, West Frisian leare, Dutch leren, German lehren, Danish lære, Swedish lära. See also lear, lore. But normally the Middle English word would give lere, not learn.

動詞

learn (三人称単数 現在形 learns, 現在分詞 learning, 過去形および過去分詞形 learned または learnt)

1. (now only in non-standard speech and dialects) To teach.

   Give him a clip round the ear. That'll learn him!

   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter IX, in Le Morte Darthur, book VIII:

     And whan she had serched hym
     she fond in the bottome of his wound that therin was poyson
     And soo she heled hym […]
     and therfore Tramtrist cast grete loue to la beale Isoud
     for she was at that tyme the fairest mayde and lady of the worlde
     And there Tramtryst lerned her to harpe
     and she beganne to haue grete fantasye vnto hym

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     Sweet prince, you learn me noble thankfulness.

   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

     Have I not been
     Thy pupil long? Hast thou not learn'd me how
     To make perfumes?

   • 1663 April 27 (Gregorian calendar)​, John Bunyan, “Touching Parents”, in Christian Behaviour; or The Fruits of True Christianity. […], London: […] F. Smith, […], →OCLC, page 56:

     […] Take heed of filling their [i.e., children's] heads with VVhimzies, and unprofitable Notions; for this vvill ſooner learn them to be malepert and proud, than ſober and humble.

   • 1993, The Simpsons, (18 Feb. 1993) Lisa's thoughts:

     That'll learn him to bust my tomater.

使用する際の注意点

Now often considered non-standard.

派生語

• learned

関連する語

• larn
• lore

参照

• “learn”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• learn in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• Family Word Finder, Readers Digest Association Inc. NY 1975

アナグラム

• Laren, Larne, laner, neral, renal