rapeとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English rapen, rappen (“to abduct; ravish; seduce; rape; seize; snatch; carry off; transport”), probably from Latin rapere (verb), possibly through or influenced by Anglo-Norman rap, rape (noun) (compare also ravish). But compare Swedish rappa (“to snatch, seize, carry off”), Low German rapen (“to snatch, seize”), Dutch rapen (“to pick up, gather, collect”); the relationship with Germanic forms is not clear. Cognate with Lithuanian reikėti (“to be in need”). Compare also rap (“seize, snatch”).^[1]

名詞

rape (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 rapes)

1. (now まれに) The taking of something by force; seizure, plunder. [from early 14th c.]
   • 1638 George Sandys, A Paraphrase upon Job (Chapter XXII)

     Ruin'd orphans of thy rapes complain.

   • 1712, Alexander Pope, The Rape of the Lock
   • 1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur or The Prince of Darkness: A Novel, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN; republished in The Avignon Quintet: Monsieur, Livia, Constance, Sebastian, Quinx, London: Faber and Faber, 1992, →ISBN, page 23:

     She worked under the great tapestry with its glowing but subdued tones—huntsmen with lofted horns had been running down a female stag. After the rape, leaving the grooms to bring the trophy home, they galloped away into the soft brumous Italian skyline; […]

   • 1977, JRR Tolkien, The Silmarillion:

     Few of the Teleri were willing to go forth to war, for they remembered the slaying at the Swanhaven, and the rape of their ships.

2. (now archaic) The abduction of a woman, especially for sexual purposes. [from 15th c.]
   • c. 1590, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, First Folio 1623, I.1:

     Sat. Traytor, if Rome haue law, or we haue power, / Thou and thy Faction shall repent this Rape.

     Bass. Rape call you it my Lord, to cease my owne, / My true betrothed Loue, and now my wife?

   • 2000, Mary Beard, The Guardian, 8 Sep 2000:

     The tale of the rape of Lucretia, for example, is hardly tellable - as many Roman writers themselves discovered - without raising the question of where seduction ends and rape begins; the rape of the Sabines puts a similar question mark over the distinction between rape and marriage.

3. The act of forcing sexual intercourse upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being. [from 15th c.]
   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, II:

     I fled; but he pursued (though more, it seems, / Inflamed with lust than rage), and, swifter far, / Me overtook, his mother, all dismayed, / And, in embraces forcible and foul / Engendering with me, of that rape begot / These yelling monsters […]

   • 1990, ‘Turning Victims into Saints’, Time, 22 Jan 1990:

     Last April the media world exploded in indignation at the rape and beating of a jogger in Central Park.

   • 2013, William Butler Yeats, The Collected Works of W.B. Yeats Volume XIII: A Vision: The Original 1925 Version, Simon and Schuster (→ISBN):

     Castor and Pollux are one set of twins birthed by Leda after her rape by Zeus in swan form; […]

   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:rape.
4. (obsolete) That which is snatched away.
   • 1636, George Sandys, Paraphrase upon the Psalms and Hymns dispersed throughout the Old and New Testaments

     Where now are all my hopes? O, never more. / Shall they revive! nor death her rapes restore.

5. (obsolete) Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry.
6. (slang) Overpowerment; utter defeat.

派生語

動詞

rape (三人称単数 現在形 rapes, 現在分詞 raping, 過去形および過去分詞形 raped)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To seize by force. (Now often with overtones of later senses.) [from late 14th c.]
   • 1978, Gore Vidal, Kalki:

     Dr Ashok's eyes had a tendency to pop whenever he wanted to rape your attention.

   • 1983, Alasdair Gray, ‘Logopandocy’, Canongate 2012 (Every Short Story 1951-2012), p. 136:

     It is six years since my just action to reclaim the armaments raped from here by the Lairds of Dalgetty and Tolly […] .

2. (transitive) To carry (someone, especially a woman) off against their will, especially for sex; to abduct. [from 15th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:

     Paridell rapeth Hellenore: / Malbecco her pursewes: / Findes emongst Satyres, whence with him / To turne she doth refuse.

   • 1718, Alexander Pope, translating Homer, The Iliad:

     A Princess rap’d transcends a Navy storm'd.

3. (chiefly transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]
   • 2012 August 21, Pilkington, Ed, “Death penalty on trial: should Reggie Clemons live or die?”, in The Guardian‎^[4]:

     The prosecution case was that the men forced the sisters to strip, threw their clothes over the bridge, then raped them and participated in forcing them to jump into the river to their deaths. As he walked off the bridge, Clemons was alleged to have said: "We threw them off. Let's go."

   • 2007, Kunda: The Story of a Child Soldier →ISBN, page 51:

     "They taught us nothing but how to cheat, curse and abuse. I never killed in cold blood even if I was known as one of the most fearless fighters. Yes, I abducted several children, I robbed and beat, but I never raped."

4. (transitive) To plunder, to destroy or despoil. [from 17th c.]
   • 1892, Rudyard Kipling, Barrack-Room Ballads:

     I raped your richest roadstead—I plundered Singapore!

5. (US slang, chiefly Internet) To overpower, destroy (someone); to trounce. [from 20th c.]

   My experienced opponent will rape me at chess.

同意語

• (seize): theft, thievery
• (force sexual intercourse): ravish, violate, vitiate
• (abuse): plunder, despoil

派生語

• frape
• I've been raped
• rapable, rapeable
• rapist
• rapt
• rerape

Further reading

• rape on Wikipedia.

語源 2

Generally considered to derive from 古期英語 rāp (“rope”), in reference to the ropes used to delineate the courts that ruled each rape.^[2] Compare Dutch reep and the parish of Rope, Cheshire.

In the 18th century, Edward Lye proposed derivation from Old Norse hreppr (“tract of land”), but this was rejected by the New English Dictionary and is considered "phonologically impossible" by the English Place-Name Society.^[2] Others, considering it improbable that the Normans would have adopted a local word, suggest derivation from Old French raper (“take by force”).^[3]

See Wikipedia for more.

名詞

rape (複数形 rapes)

1. (now historical) One of the six former administrative divisions of Sussex, England. [from 11th c.]
   • 1888 March 20, Henry H. Howorth, in a letter to The Archaeological Review, volume 1 (March–August 1888), page 230:

     It seems to me very clear that the rapes of Sussex were divisions already existing there when the Normans landed.

   • 1971, Frank Merry Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England:

     There is little, if any, doubt that the division of Sussex into six rapes had been carried out before the Conquest, though the term is not mentioned in any Old English record.

   • 1997, Ann Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, page 18:

     These four castles dominated the Sussex rapes named after them; the fifth rape, Bramber, held by William de Braose, was in existence by 1084.

参考

• hundred
• wapentake

Further reading

• Rape (county subdivision) on Wikipedia.

語源 3

From Middle English rapen, from Old Norse hrapa (“to fall, rush headlong, hurry, hasten”), from Proto-Germanic *hrapaną (“to fall down”). Cognate with Norwegian rapa (“to slip, fall”), Danish rappe (“to make haste”), German rappeln (“to hasten, hurry”).

動詞

rape (三人称単数 現在形 rapes, 現在分詞 raping, 過去形および過去分詞形 raped)

1. (obsolete, intransitive or reflexive) To make haste; to hasten or hurry. [14th-16th c.]

名詞

rape (複数形 rapes)

1. (obsolete) Haste; precipitancy; a precipitate course. [14th-17th c.]
   • c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, Wordes Unto Adam:

     So ofte a-daye I mot thy werk renewe, It to correcte and eek to rubbe and scrape; And al is thorugh thy negligence and rape.

副詞

rape (comparative more rape, superlative most rape)

1. (obsolete) Quickly; hastily. [14th-19th c.]

語源 4

From Latin rapa, from rāpum (“turnip”).

名詞

rape (複数形 rape)

1. Synonym of rapeseed, Brassica napus. [late 14th c.]
   • 2001, Bill Lambrecht, Dinner at the New Gene Café, page 231:

     After the Industrial Revolution, it was discovered that rape also yields oil suitable for lubrication.

語源 5

From Middle English rape, from rape (“grape stalk, rasper”), from Old French raper, rasper (“to rasp, scratch”), from Old Frankish *raspōn (“to scratch”), related to Old High German raspōn (“to scrape”), 古期英語 ġehrespan (“to strip, spoil”).

名詞

rape (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 rapes)

1. The stalks and husks of grapes from which the must has been expressed in winemaking.
2. A filter containing the stalks and husks of grapes, used for clarifying wine, vinegar, etc.
3. (obsolete) Fruit plucked in a bunch.

   a rape of grapes

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Ray to this entry?)

引用

• 1971, Bulletin of the European Communities:

  With regard to this obligation, the Council, on 26 October 1971[,] also arranged for certain producers to be totally or partially exempted from it, either because their wine production is very low (less than 50 hectolitres in one marketing year), or because they deliver their rapes of grapes to oenological merchants, or because they make quality wines […]

参照

アナグラム

• Earp, Pera, aper, pare, pear, prae-, præ-, reap