stalkとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English stalke, stelke, stalk, perhaps from 古期英語 *stealc, *stielc, *stealuc, from Proto-West Germanic *staluk, *stalik, from Proto-Germanic *stalukaz, *stalikaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *stalô, *staluz (“support, stem, stalk”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place, stand; be stiff; stud, post, trunk, stake, stem, stalk”). Cognate with Old High German *stelh in wazzarstelh (“wagtail”), Danish stilk (“stalk, stem”), Swedish stjälk (“stalk, stem”), Icelandic stilkur (“stalk, stem”).

Related also to Middle English stale (“ladder upright, stalk”), 古期英語 stalu (“wooden upright”), Middle Low German stal, stale (“chair leg”), 古期英語 stela (“stalk”), Dutch steel (“stalk”), German Stiel (“stalk”), Albanian shtalkë (“crossbeam, board used as a door hinge”), Welsh telm (“frond”), Ancient Greek στέλος (stélos, “beam”), Old Armenian ստեղն (stełn, “trunk, stalk”).

名詞

stalk (複数形 stalks)

1. The stem or main axis of a plant, which supports the seed-carrying parts.

   a stalk of wheat, rye, or oats;  the stalks of maize or hemp

   • 1914, Louis Joseph Vance, chapter I, in Nobody, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, published 1915, OCLC 40817384:

     Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with […] on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.

2. The petiole, pedicel, or peduncle of a plant.
3. Something resembling the stalk of a plant, such as the stem of a quill.
   • 1681, Nehemiah Grew, Musæum Regalis Societatis. Or A Catalogue & Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities Belonging to the Royal Society and Preserved at Gresham Colledge. […], London: […] W. Rawlins, for the author, OCLC 1179520802:

     they appear to be made up of little Bladders , like those in the Plume or Stalk of a Quill

4. (architecture) An ornament in the Corinthian capital resembling the stalk of a plant, from which the volutes and helices spring.
5. One of the two upright pieces of a ladder.
6. (zoology)
   1. A stem or peduncle, as in certain barnacles and crinoids.
   2. The narrow basal portion of the abdomen of a hymenopterous insect.
   3. The peduncle of the eyes of decapod crustaceans.
7. (metalworking) An iron bar with projections inserted in a core to strengthen it; a core arbor.

語源 2

From Middle English stalken, from 古期英語 *stealcian (as in bestealcian (“to move stealthily”), stealcung (“stalking”)), from Proto-Germanic *stalkōną (“to stalk, move stealthily”) (compare Dutch stelkeren, stolkeren (“to tip-toe, tread carefully”), Danish stalke (“to high step, stalk”), Norwegian dialectal stalka (“to trudge”)), from *stalkaz, *stelkaz (compare 古期英語 stealc (“steep”), Old Norse stelkr, stjalkr (“knot (bird), red sandpiper”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)telg, *(s)tolg- (compare Middle Irish tolg (“strength”), Lithuanian stalgùs (“stiff, defiant, proud”)).^[1]

Alternate etymology connects Proto-Germanic *stalkōną to a frequentative form of *stelaną (“to steal”).

動詞

stalk (三人称単数 現在形 stalks, 現在分詞 stalking, 過去形および過去分詞形 stalked)

2. (transitive) To approach slowly and quietly in order not to be discovered when getting closer.
   • 1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., OCLC 2392685:

     As for shooting a man from behind a wall, it is cruelly like to stalking a deer.

   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 24962326:

     But they had already discovered that he could be bullied, and they had it their own way; and presently Selwyn lay prone upon the nursery floor, impersonating a ladrone while pleasant shivers chased themselves over Drina, whom he was stalking.

3. (transitive) To (try to) follow or contact someone constantly, often resulting in harassment.^Wp

   My ex-girlfriend is stalking me.

4. (intransitive) To walk slowly and cautiously; to walk in a stealthy, noiseless manner.
   • 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 6484883, Act IV, page 53:

     [Bertran] stalks close behind her, like a witch's fiend, / Pressing to be employed.

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iii]:

     O ay, stalk on, stalk on, the fowl sits

5. (intransitive) To walk behind something, such as a screen, for the purpose of approaching game; to proceed under cover.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], Apophthegmes New and Old. […], London: […] Hanna Barret, and Richard Whittaker, […], OCLC 771110810:

     The king […] crept under the shoulder of his led horse; […] "I must stalk," said he.

   • 1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion

     One underneath his horse, to get a shoot doth stalk.

Conjugation

名詞

stalk (複数形 stalks)

1. A particular episode of trying to follow or contact someone.
2. The hunting of a wild animal by stealthy approach.
   • 1885, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting Trips of a Ranchman

     When the stalk was over (the antelope took alarm かつ ran off before I was within rifle shot) I came back.

関連する語

• stalker

参照

語源 3

Attested 1530 in the sense "to walk haughtily", perhaps from 古期英語 stealc (“steep”), from Proto-Germanic *stelkaz, *stalkaz (“high, lofty, steep, stiff”); see above.

動詞

stalk (三人称単数 現在形 stalks, 現在分詞 stalking, 過去形および過去分詞形 stalked)

1. (intransitive) To walk haughtily.
   • 1697, Virgil, “The Tenth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432:

     With manly mien he stalked along the ground.

   • 1704, Joseph Addison, Milton's Stile Imitated, in a Translation of a Story out of the Third Aeneid

     Then stalking through the deep, / He fords the ocean.

   • 1850, Charles Merivale, History of the Romans Under the Empire

     I forbear myself from entering the lists in which he has long stalked alone and unchallenged.

名詞

stalk (複数形 stalks)

1. A haughty style of walking.

アナグラム

• Kastl, talks