stiffとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /stɪf/
• 韻: -ɪf

形容詞

stiff (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffest)

1. (of an object) Rigid; hard to bend; inflexible.
   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IX, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 24962326:

     “A tight little craft,” was Austin’s invariable comment on the matron; […]. ¶ Near her wandered her husband, orientally bland, invariably affable, and from time to time squinting sideways, as usual, in the ever-renewed expectation that he might catch a glimpse of his stiff, retroussé moustache.

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, OCLC 246633669, PC, scene: Xawin:

     You have discovered the corpse of Captain Willem of the MSV Majesty. His stiff fingers are wrapped tightly around a small datapad.

2. (figuratively, of policies かつ rules かつ their application かつ enforcement) Inflexible; rigid.
3. (of a person) Formal in behavior; unrelaxed.
4. (colloquial) Harsh, severe.

   He was eventually caught, and given a stiff fine.

   • 1961 February, “New English Electric diesels for East Africa”, in Trains Illustrated, page 90:

     To fit them for heavy loads on gradients as stiff as 1 in 45 in tropical conditions, these Class 90 diesels embody several unusual features, [...].

5. (of muscles または parts of the body) Painful as a result of excessive or unaccustomed exercise.

   My legs are stiff after climbing that hill yesterday.

6. Potent.

   a stiff drink

   a stiff dose

   a stiff breeze

7. (informal) Dead, deceased.
8. (of the penis) Erect.
9. Having a dense consistency; thick; (by extension) Difficult to stir.

   Adding too much peanut butter to your Peanut Sauce recipe may cause your sauce to turn out too stiff.

10. (cooking, of whipping cream または egg whites) Beaten until so aerated that they stand up straight on their own.

    beat the egg whites until they are stiff

11. (mathematics) Of an equation: for which certain numerical solving methods are numerically unstable, unless the step size is taken to be extremely small.
12. (nautical) Keeping upright.
13. (golf) Of a shot: landing so close to the flagstick that it should be very easy to sink the ball with the next shot.
    • 1968, William Price Fox, Southern Fried Plus Six: Short Works of Fiction (page 219)

      I go all out, go for the long ball, the stiff shots to the pin, aim for the back of the cup.

14. (professional wrestling, of a strike) Delivered more forcefully than needed, whether intentionally or accidentally, thus causing legitimate pain to the opponent.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:stiff.

派生語

• bored stiff, scared stiff
• stiff-lipped, stiff upper lip
• stiffy

名詞

stiff (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 stiffs)

1. (slang, chiefly Canada, 米国用法) An average person, usually male, of no particular distinction, skill, or education.

   working stiff

   lucky stiff

   • 1943, Ayn Rand, chapter IX, in The Fountainhead:

     The clerk shrugged: “That's the boss's little girl.” “Why, the lucky stiff!” said Keating. “He's been holding out on me.” “You misunderstood me,” the clerk said coldly. “It's his daughter. It's Dominique Francon.”

2. (slang) A person who is deceived, as a mark or pigeon in a swindle.

   She convinced the stiff to go to her hotel room, where her henchman was waiting to rob him.

3. (slang) A cadaver; a dead person.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:corpse, Thesaurus:body

   • 1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):

     This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!

4. (slang) A flop; a commercial failure.
   • 1994, Andy Dougan, The actors' director: Richard Attenborough behind the camera (page 63)

     If the movie was a stiff it wasn't any of their specific faults. They were all in it together and they were jobbed in and jobbed out for two weeks and gone and they got a pile of money for their efforts.

   • 2016, Ralph J. Gleason, Toby Gleason, Music in the Air: The Selected Writings of Ralph J. Gleason

     They never did sell any records. I don't mean they didn't sell 100,000. I mean they didn't sell 5000. Total. National. Coast-to-coast. The record was a stiff.

5. (US, slang) A person who leaves (especially a restaurant) without paying the bill.
6. (US, slang, by extension) A customer who does not leave a tip.
7. (blackjack) Any hard hand where it is possible to exceed 21 by drawing an additional card.
8. (finance, slang) Negotiable instruments, possibly forged.
9. (prison slang) A note or letter surreptitiously sent by an inmate.

派生語

• do a bit of stiff
• working stiff

参考

• bindlestiff

参照

• (prison スラング: a note または letter): 2015, Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of the Underworld: British and American (page 688); 2015, Noel 'Razor' Smith, The Criminal Alphabet: An A-Z of Prison Slang
• (financial instruments): 1873, John Camden Hotten, The Slang Dictionary

動詞

stiff (三人称単数 現在形 stiffs, 現在分詞 stiffing, 過去形および過去分詞形 stiffed)

1. To fail to pay that which one owes (implicitly または explicitly) to another, especially by departing hastily.

   Realizing he had forgotten his wallet, he stiffed the taxi driver when the cab stopped for a red light.

   • 1946, William Foote Whyte, Industry and Society, page 129

     We asked one girl to explain how she felt when she was "stiffed." She said, You think of all the work you've done and how you've tried to please [them…].

2. To cheat someone
   • 1992, Stephen Birmingham, Shades of Fortune, page 451

     You see, poor Nonie really was stiffed by Adolph in his will. He really stiffed her, Rose, and I really wanted to right that wrong.

3. To tip ungenerously.
   • 2007, Mary Higgins Clark, I Heard That Song Before, page 154

     Then he stiffed the waiter with a cheap tip.

4. (slang) To kill.
   • 1978, Lou Reed (lyrics かつ music), “Street Hassle”, in Street Hassle:

     But you know it could be a hassle / Trying to explain myself to a police officer / About how it was your old lady got herself stiffed

副詞

stiff (comparative more stiff, superlative most stiff)

1. (nautical) Of the wind, with great force; strongly.
   • 1731, John Lowthorp, Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the End of the Year MDCC, volume II, 4th edition, page 282:

     At Feversham was a very High Tide in the Afternoon, tho' the Wind was Southerly, and blew very stiff, which the Seamen there wondered at.

   • 1849 October 23, Herman Melville, Howard C. Horsforth and Lynn Horth, editors, The Writings of Herman Melville: Journals, volume 15, page 9:

     It soon blew stiff, & we scudded before it under double-reefed topsails, & mainsail hauled up.

   • 1871 September 16, W.A. Crowther, Diary:

     At about 11.30 am it rained tremendously and blew very stiff.

参照

Further reading

• Jonathon Green (2022), “stiff v.²”, in Green's Dictionary of Slang
• Jonathon Green (2022), “stiff v.³”, in Green's Dictionary of Slang

アナグラム

• TIFFs, tiffs