hingeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English henge, from 古期英語 *henġ (“hinge”), compare 古期英語 henġe- in henġeclif (“overhanging cliff”), 古期英語 henġen (“hanging; that upon which a thing is hung”), from Proto-West Germanic *hangiju. Akin to Scots heenge (“hinge”), Saterland Frisian Hänge (“hinge”), Dutch heng (“door handle”), Low German henge (“a hook, hinge, handle”), Middle Dutch henghe, hanghe (“a hook, hinge, handle”), Scots hingel (“any attachment by which something is hung または fastened”), Dutch hengel (“hook”), geheng (“hinge”), hengsel (“handle”), Danish hængsel (“hinge”), dialectal German Hängel (“hook, joint”), German Henkel (“handle, hook”), 古期英語 hōn (“to hang”), hangian (“to cause to hang, hang up”). More at hang.

発音

• enPR: hĭnj, IPA^(key): /ˈhɪnd͡ʒ/
• 韻: -ɪndʒ

名詞

hinge (複数形 hinges)

1. A jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc.
   • 1826, [Mary Shelley], chapter I, in The Last Man. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

     The massy portals of the churches swung creaking on their hinges; and some lay dead on the pavement.

2. A naturally occurring joint resembling such hardware in form or action, as in the shell of a bivalve.
   • 1862, Charles Darwin, The Various Contrivances by Which Orchids Are Fertilized by Insects:

     The pedicel of the pollinium is articulated as before by a hinge to the disc; it can move freely only in one direction owing to one end of the disc being upturned.

3. A stamp hinge, a folded and gummed paper rectangle for affixing postage stamps in an album.
4. A principle, or a point in time, on which subsequent reasonings or events depend.

   This argument was the hinge on which the question turned.

   • 1840, Adam Duncan Tait, Remarks on a Pamphlet by the Reverend James Buchanan, page 26:

     But let me say, with all deference, that these positions do not appear to me to touch the hinge of the argument before us.

   • 2022, Ian McEwan, Lessons, page 388:

     These grown-up children were at that hinge of life when parents must begin to shrink and fold.

5. (statistics) The median of the upper or lower half of a batch, sample, or probability distribution.
6. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south.
   • 1697, Thomas Creech, The five books of Mr. Manilius containing a system of the ancient astronomy and astrology: together with the philosophy of the Stoicks, page 121:

     If when the Moon is in the Hinge at East, / The Birth breaks forward from its native rest; / Full Eighty Years, if you two Years abate, / This Station gives, and long defers its Fate

   • 1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 4:

     100

7. A movement that presents itself as rotation when an off-centre fixed point is taken into account.
8. In polyamory, a person connected emotionally or sexually to two others who are not connected to each other.

   Synonym: swing

同意語

• (device upon which a door hangs): har
• (statistics): quartile

Meronyms

• (device upon which a door hangs): pintel

派生語

動詞

hinge (三人称単数 現在形 hinges, 現在分詞 hinging または hingeing, 過去形および過去分詞形 hinged)

1. (transitive) To attach by, or equip with a hinge.
2. (Should we move, merge or split⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (intransitive, with on または upon) To depend on something.
   • 2015 March 4, Louise Taylor, The Guardian‎^[1]:

     Games can hinge on the sort of controversial decision made by Taylor in the 10th minute. After Rivière collected Gabriel Obertan’s pass and sashayed beyond Daley Blind he drew the United centre-half into a rash, clumsy challenge but, puzzlingly, Taylor detected no penalty.

3. (transitive, archaeology) The breaking off of the distal end of a knapped stone flake whose presumed course across the face of the stone core was truncated prematurely, leaving not a feathered distal end but instead the scar of a nearly perpendicular break.

   The flake hinged at an inclusion in the core.

4. (obsolete) To bend.
   • c. 1605–1608, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], page 92:

     Be thou a Flatterer now, and ſeeke to thriue / By that which ha's^{[sic – meaning has]} vndone thee; hindge thy knee, / And let his very breath whom thou'lt obſerue / Blow off thy Cap: [...]

5. To move or already be positioned in such a fashion that it presents itself as rotation when an off-centre fixed point is taken into account.

   Synonym: swing

アナグラム

• ehing, neigh