'dとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /d/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /d/, [d], [d̚]

動詞

'd (clitic)

1. Contraction of had (marking the pluperfect tense).
2. (some dialects) Contraction of had, possessed.
   • Polly Von:

     She'd her apron wrapped about her and he took her for a swan.

3. Contraction of would, contraction of should.

   I’d like to help, but I have no time.

4. (colloquial) Contraction of did.

   Hey, where’d everybody go? Why’d they take off?

   Why the hell'd you do that?

使用する際の注意点

• In most dialects, -’d for had is only used to mark the pluperfect tense (“I’d done something.”, “I had done something.”), and not to signify possession in the past (“I had something.”). Some dialects, however, use -’d for both.
• Compare -'d.

参考

• ’ll
• ’m
• ’re
• ’s (third person)
• ’ve

アナグラム

• d'

接尾辞

-'d

1. (archaic or poetic) -ed.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 24”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     Mine eye hath play'd the painter and hath steeld

   • 1880, William Topaz McGonagall, The Tay Bridge Disaster:

     But when the train came near to Wormit Bay,
     Boreas he did loud and angry bray,
     And shook the central girders of the Bridge of Tay
     On the last Sabbath day of 1879,
     Which will be remember'd for a very long time.

2. Sometimes used to form the past tense of some awkward verbs that are in the form of numerals, letters, and abbreviations, especially in online communication. Compare ’s.
   • 2008, Douglas Crockford, JavaScript: The Good Parts:

     The eval function also compromises the security of your application, because it grants too much authority to the eval'd text.

   Google Plus - You +1'd this.

   I just lol'd but then stopped and realized this wasn't funny.

   That guy just got KO'd!

使用する際の注意点

• In the Early Modern English (1500-1700) period, -ed was usually pronounced as a full syllable (/ɪd/, /ɛd/, /ed/) in all contexts. Today, this is only conserved in verbs ending in /t/ (such as dated), verbs ending in /d/ (such as shaded), and in certain adjectives (learned, blessed). The contracted form with the silent e, now familiar to modern speakers, was then considered somewhat improper and indicated using the -'d suffix. Eventually, this pronunciation became dominant and the archaic pronunciation with the non-silent e is now indicated using -èd.
• Compare 'd.

同意語

• (marking ordinals ending with "second"): -nd
• (marking ordinals ending with "third"): -rd

名詞

D+

1. An academic grade given by certain institutions. Slightly better than a D and slightly worse than a C-.

名詞

D$ (uncountable)

1. (computing) Short for data cache.

派生語

• D.D. (Doctor of Divinity)
• M.D. (Doctor of Medicine)
• J.D. (Juris Doctor)

Latin

固有名詞

D. m (indeclinable)

1. Praenominal abbreviation of Decimus.

形容詞

D. (indeclinable)

1. (in titular formulae) Abbreviation of dīvus.

冠詞

d'

1. Pronunciation spelling of the, representing dialectal English.

   Synonym: da

語源 2

Reduction.

動詞

d'

1. Contraction of do. (only before "you" または "ye")

   D'you wanna go?

2. Contraction of did. (only before "you" または "ye")

   D'you eat yet?

参考

• maitre d' (different etymology)