Doctorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 doctor, doctour (“an expert, authority on a subject”), from Anglo-Norman doctour, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“to teach”). Displaced native 中期英語 lerare (“doctor, teacher”) (from 中期英語 leren (“to teach, instruct”) from 古期英語 lǣran, lēran (“to teach, instruct, guide”), compare 古期英語 lārēow (“teacher, master”)). Displaced 古期英語 lǣċe (“doctor, physician”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈdɒktə(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈdɑktɚ/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈdɔktə/, /ˈdɒktə/
• (Canada) IPA: /ˈdɒktəɹ/
• 韻: -ɒktə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: doc‧tor

名詞

doctor (plural doctors)

1. A physician; a member of the medical profession; one who is trained and licensed to heal the sick or injured. The final examination and qualification may award a doctor degree in which case the post-nominal letters are DO, DPM, MD, DMD, or DDS in the US, or MBBS or BDS in the UK.

   If you still feel unwell tomorrow, see your doctor.

   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:

     By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death / Will seize the doctor too.

2. A person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university.
3. A veterinarian; a medical practitioner who treats non-human animals.
4. A nickname for a person who has special knowledge or talents to manipulate or arrange transactions.
5. (obsolete) A teacher; one skilled in a profession or a branch of knowledge; a learned man.
   • 1552, Hughe Latymer [i.e., Hugh Latimer], Augustine Bernher, compiler, “[The First Sermon]”, in Certayn Godly Sermons, Made uppon the Lords Prayer, […], London: […] John Day, […], published 1562, →OCLC, folio 5, verso:

     So from that tyme forwarde I began to ſmell the word of god, and forſoke the ſchole doctors and ſuch foolries.

   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     one of the doctors of Italy, Nicholas Macciavel

6. (dated) Any mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or serve some purpose in an exigency.

   the doctor of a calico-printing machine, which is a knife to remove superfluous colouring matter

   the doctor, or auxiliary engine, also called "donkey engine"

   • 2010, Ramesh Bangia, Dictionary of Information Technology, page 172:

     The use of a disk doctor may be the only way of recovering valuable data following a disk crash.

7. A fish, the friar skate.
8. (obsolete, nautical, slang) A ship's cook.
   • 1844, William Robert Wilde, Narrative of a Voyage to Madeira, Teneriffe and Along the Shores of the Mediterranean, page 124:

     […] old Scotch Jem the boatswain, tunes his fiddle, and the doctor, (ship's cook,) produces his tambourine; the men dance on deck, […]

   • 1881, The United Service, volume 5, page 212:

     His galley is small, and, microscopic as it is, it is shared by his brother in misery, the ship's cook, he whom the crew familiarly know as the “Doctor.”

使用する際の注意点

• Doctor is capitalized when used as a title:

  Doctor Smith

• In the UK and Commonwealth (except Canada), a surgeon (including a dental or veterinary surgeon) is commonly addressed as Mr./Ms./Mrs. rather than Doctor.

同意語

• (physician): doc (informal), family doctor, general practitioner, GP (UK), medic, physician, sawbones (slang), surgeon (who undertakes surgery); see also Thesaurus:physician
• (veterinarian): vet, veterinarian, veterinary, veterinary surgeon

派生語

See also Types of academic doctor below

関連する語

派生した語

参考

Further reading

• doctor on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

動詞

doctor (third-person singular simple present doctors, present participle doctoring, simple past and past participle doctored)

1. (transitive) To act as a medical doctor to.

   Her children doctored her back to health.

2. (intransitive, humorous) To act as a medical doctor.
   • 2017, "Do No Harm", season 8, episode 2 of Adventure Time

     Doctor Princess: Put this on. [gives her lab coat to Finn] OK, you're a doctor now. Good luck.

     Finn: Wait, wait, whoa, whoa, whoa, wait! I don't know how to doctor!

3. (transitive) To make (someone) into an (academic) doctor; to confer a doctorate upon.
4. (transitive) To physically alter (medically or surgically) a living being in order to change growth or behavior.

   They doctored their apple trees by vigorous pruning, and now the dwarfed trees are easier to pick.

   We may legally doctor a pet to reduce its libido.

5. (transitive) To genetically alter an extant species.

   Mendel's discoveries showed how the evolution of a species may be doctored.

6. (transitive, figurative) To alter or make obscure, as with the intention to deceive, especially a document.

   To doctor the signature of an instrument with intent to defraud is an example of forgery.

   • 2022 February 15, Edward Helmore, “How a picture came to symbolize the Prince Andrew sexual abuse case”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     That picture – the one that Andrew claimed on BBC’s Newsnight might have been doctored, since he had “no recollection” of then or ever meeting Giuffre at Tramp nightclub in London – will likely serve as both a prequel and postscript of the saga.

   • 2024 March 11, Mark Landler, Lauren Leatherby, “Princess of Wales Apologizes, Saying She Edited Image”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     Catherine, the Princess of Wales, apologized on Monday for doctoring a photo of her with her three children, which was recalled by several news agencies on Sunday after they determined the image had been manipulated.

7. (transitive) To adulterate, drug, or poison (drink).
8. (intransitive, obsolete) To take medicine.

派生語

参考

• surgeon

語源

From doceō (“to teach”) +‎ -tor.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈdɔk.tɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈd̪ɔk.t̪or]

名詞

doctor m (genitive doctōris, feminine doctrīx or doctorissa); third declension

1. teacher, instructor
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1310–1312:

     […] et validos partim prae se misere leones
     cum doctoribus armatis saevisque magistris
     qui moderarier his possent vinclisque tenere,

     […] and some let out before them strong lions,
     with armed trainers and fierce masters
     to manage them and hold them in restraints,

2. (Ecclesiastical Latin) catechist, Doctor of the Church

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• doctōrō (Mediaeval)
• doctrīna

関連する語

派生した語

Borrowed terms

参照

• “doctor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “doctor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "doctor", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “doctor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• doctor in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016