alterとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Old French alterer (French altérer), from Medieval Latin alterare (“to make other”), from Latin alter (“the other”), from al- (seen in alius (“other”), alienus (“of another”), etc.; see alias, alien, etc.) + compar. suffix -ter.

動詞

alter (三人称単数 現在形 alters, 現在分詞 altering, 過去形および過去分詞形 altered)

1. (transitive) To change the form or structure of.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Psalms 89:34:

     My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips.

   • c. 1596–1598, William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:

     No power in Venice can alter a decree.

   • 1709, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: Printed for W. Lewis […], published 1711, OCLC 15810849:

     It gilds all objects, but it alters none.

2. (intransitive) To become different.
3. (transitive) To tailor clothes to make them fit.
4. (transitive) To castrate, neuter or spay (a dog または other animal).
5. (transitive) To affect mentally, as by psychotropic drugs or illness.
   • 2016 February 10, Sydney Pruitt and Claire Ricke (quoting Jeff Barrick), "Police: Man lying in street hit, killed by Capital Metro bus", KXAN:

     We don't know if he was altered on alcohol or drugs or anything […]

別の表記

• altre (廃れた用法)

派生語

関連する語

• alteration
• alternate
• alternative

Further reading

• alter in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• alter in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911.

語源 2

Probably from alter ego.

名詞

alter (複数形 alters)

1. (especially in the plural) An identity or headmate of a person with dissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder).
   • As this is a medicalized term, many people with DID may choose not to use this word in response to the stigma surrounding it. Others choose to use it as a way to "reclaim" the word.

参照

• MPD/DID Glossary
• DID Research: Alters

名詞

alter (複数形 alters)

1. (proscribed) Alternative form of altar.
   • 2002, Nicholas Smeed, Resurrections: Vignettes About Discovery, Relationships, Personal Empowerment, And Preternatural Experiences, Xlibris Corporation (→ISBN), page 26:

     As an alter boy he remembered that walking between the alter and the gates was prohibited for everyone except the priest.

   • 2007, Jerry P. Martinez, Leche De Coyote, Xlibris Corporation (→ISBN), page 39:

     The hardest part of being an alter boy was learning Latin. The mass was conducted in Latin and we had to learn to pray in Latin.

   • 2009, Todd Sprague, Survive, Todd Sprague (→ISBN), page 142:

     On the alter, several candles sat unlit. An open bible rested among the candles. Behind the alter, hanging high, a huge cross was affixed to the wall, with a replica of Jesus in rags nailed to it. A simple wooden door stood closed behind the alter […]

   • 2011, Suzanne Dekeyzer James, The Stone Harp, Xlibris Corporation (→ISBN), page 146:

     Truth motioned to Alexandra, “There; the key is kept on the alter.” She spotted it easily, for it was now well lighted by an amber colored presence light. She and the others moved quickly toward the alter.

   • 2018, William Francis Jack, Alter Boy Rules, Lulu Press, Inc (→ISBN)

     Third-rate alter boy. Skinny, lousy face, brown hair with a cowlick as big as Sputtnik. So as not to go on about it, I can put it in one word: Butt-ugly.

使用する際の注意点

Usually considered a misspelling.

アナグラム

• Alert, alert, altre, artel, later, ratel, taler, telar

Latin

語源

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂élteros (“the other of two”) (akin to English other). Akin to alius. Confer with ulter.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈal.ter/, [ˈaɫ̪ˠ.t̪ɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈal.ter/, [ˈal̪.t̪ɛr]

形容詞

alter (feminine altera, neuter alterum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine 単数形 in -er, pronominal)

1. the other, the second
2. the one...the other (alter...alter)

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine 単数形 in -er, pronominal).

派生語

• adulter
• altercor
• alterō
• alteruter

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• alter in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• alter in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• alter in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • one or two days: unus et alter dies
    
  • one, two, several days had passed, intervened: dies unus, alter, plures intercesserant
    

接頭辞

alter-

1. Denotes a philosophy in opposition to or variation on the suffixed term.

派生語

• alterglobalization
• altermodernism
• altersexuality