philosophyとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English philosophie, Old French philosophie, and their source, Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). Synchronically, philo- +‎ -sophy.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /fɪˈlɒsəfi/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /fɪˈlɑsəfi/

名詞

philosophy (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 philosophies)

1. (uncountable, originally) The love of wisdom.
2. (uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism.

   Philosophy is often divided into five major branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.

   • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

3. (countable) A comprehensive system of belief.
4. (countable) A view or outlook regarding fundamental principles underlying some domain.

   a philosophy of government;   a philosophy of education

5. (countable) A general principle (usually moral).
   • 2012, Francesca Valensise, From Building Fabric to City Form: Reconstruction in Calabria at end of Eighteenth Century‎^[1], Gangemi Editore spa, →ISBN, page 8:

     As a matter of fact the Enlightment culture was based on a philosophy inspired to an ethical laicism whose aim was to create a better society based on principles such as solidarity, equality of rights and duties, and full freedom.

6. (archaic) A broader branch of (non-applied) science.
7. A calm and thoughtful demeanor; calmness of temper.
8. (French printing, dated) Synonym of small pica.

Meronyms

• See also Thesaurus:philosophy

派生語

関連する語

動詞

philosophy (三人称単数 現在形 philosophies, 現在分詞 philosophying, 過去形および過去分詞形 philosophied)

1. (now まれに) To philosophize.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes, […], book II, printed at London: By Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     Plato hath (in my seeming) loved this manner of Philosophying, Dialogue wise in good earnest, that therby he might more decently place in sundry mouthes the diversity and variation of his owne conceits.

参考

• Appendix:Glossary of philosophical isms
• ideology

参照

• “philosophy” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2020.
• “philosophy” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Further reading

• "philosophy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 235.