familiarとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /fəˈmɪl.jɚ/, /fəˈmɪl.i.ɚ/, /fɚˈmɪl.jɚ/

形容詞

familiar (comparative more familiar, superlative most familiar)

1. Known to one, or generally known; commonplace.
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.

   • 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

   There’s a familiar face; that tune sounds familiar.

2. Acquainted.

   I'm quite familiar with this system; she's not familiar with manual gears.

3. Intimate or friendly.

   We are on familiar terms now; our neighbour is not familiar

   Don’t be familiar with me, boy!

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 156, column 1:

     Be thou familiar; but by no meanes vulgar: […]

4. Of or pertaining to a family; familial.
   • 1822, Lord Byron, Werner

     familiar feuds

同意語

• (acquainted): acquainted
• (intimate, friendly): close, friendly, intimate, personal
• (inappropriately intimate または friendly): cheeky, fresh, impudent

反意語

• (known to one): unfamiliar, unknown
• (acquainted): unacquainted
• (intimate): cold, cool, distant, impersonal, standoffish, unfriendly

派生語

関連する語

• familial

名詞

familiar (複数形 familiars)

1. (witchcraft) An attendant spirit, often in animal or demon form.

   The witch’s familiar was a black cat.

   • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 75:

     The familiars of the magicians, on the other hand, were not in all cases evil, and often may have approximated the "guides" with whom present-day spiritualists are well acquainted.

   • 1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 8:

     "What power hath gold?" Catweazle wondered as he picked up his familiar and put him in his special pocket.

2. (obsolete) A member of one's family or household.
3. A member of a pope's or bishop's household.
4. (obsolete) A close friend.
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Concerning the Patient”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 1, member 4, subsection 3, page 199:

     [A] friend of mine, that finding a Receipt in Braſsivola, would needs take Hellebor in ſubſtance, & try it on his own perſon; but had not ſome of his familiars come to viſite him by chance, he had by his indiſcretion hazarded himſelfe; many ſuch I have obſerued.

5. (historical) The officer of the Inquisition who arrested suspected people.

同意語

• nigget

参考

• daimon (a tutelary spirit that guides a person)

Further reading

• Familiar in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)