labelとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English label (“narrow band, strip of cloth”), from Old French label, lambel (Modern French lambeau), from Frankish *lappā (“torn piece of cloth”), from Proto-Germanic *lappǭ, *lappô (“cloth stuff, rag, scraps, flap, dewlap, lobe, rabbit ear”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“blade”). Cognate with Old High German lappa (“rag, piece of cloth”), 古期英語 læppa (“skirt, flap of a garment”). More at lap.

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈleɪbəl/
• 韻: -eɪbəl

名詞

label (複数形 labels)

1. A small ticket or sign giving information about something to which it is attached or intended to be attached.

   Synonyms: sign, tag, ticket

   We laughed at her because the label was still on her new sweater.

   The label says this silk scarf should not be washed in the washing machine.

   Although the label priced this poster at three pounds, I got it for two.

2. A name given to something or someone to categorise them as part of a particular social group.

   Synonyms: category, pigeonhole

   Ever since he started going to the rock club, he's been given the label "waster".

4. (music) A company that sells records.

   Synonym: record label

   The label signed the band after hearing a demo tape.

5. (computing) A user-defined alias for a numerical designation, the reverse of an enumeration.

   Storage devices can be given by label or ID.

6. (computing) A named place in source code that can be jumped to using a GOTO or equivalent construct.
7. (heraldry) A charge resembling the strap crossing the horse’s chest from which pendants are hung.

   Synonym: lambel

8. (obsolete) A tassel.
   • a. 1662 (date written), Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England, London: […] J[ohn] G[rismond,] W[illiam] L[eybourne] and W[illiam] G[odbid], published 1662, →OCLC:

     the arms or escutcheon of France , hanging by a label on an oak

9. A small strip, especially of paper or parchment (または of some material attached to parchment to carry the seal), but also of iron, brass, land, etc.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, iv.:

     Ere this hand, by thee to Romeo seal'd, / Shall be the label to another deed.

   • 1649, Jer[emy] Taylor, chapter 39, in The Great Exemplar of Sanctity and Holy Life According to the Christian Institution. […], London: […] R. N. for Francis Ash, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=1 to 3):

     They […] 'sealed the grave, and rolled a great stone at the mouth of it' and as an ancient tradition says, bound it about with labels of iron.

   • 1650, Fuller, Pisgah, IV. i. 25:

     Where Balak met Balaam, standing as it were on his tiptoes on the very last labell of his land, to reach forth […]

   • 1679, Hist. of Jetzer, 5:

     The flesh and skin hung down in long Collops and Labels.

10. A piece of writing added to something, such as a codicil appended to a will.
11. (historical) A brass rule with sights, formerly used with a circumferentor to take altitudes.
12. (architecture) The projecting moulding by the sides, and over the tops, of openings in mediaeval architecture.
    • 2018, Marilyn Stokstad, Medieval Art, Routledge, →ISBN:

      Sculptured ends of labels are called label-stops.

13. In mediaeval and later art, a representation of a band or scroll containing an inscription.
    • 1859, Victoria and Albert Museum, Inventory of the Objects forming the Collections of the Museum of Ornamental Art at South Kensington, page 34:

      2654. Two-handled globular vase; early Deruta lustred ware; centre surrounded by a band of scroll work; on each side the neck is an oval compartment with clasped hands, and a label scroll inscribed "Co pura fe.;" decoration, blue outline on white ground filled in with yellow lustre.

    • 2000, The Rutgers Art Review:

      Boime correctly suggests that medieval artists who employed labels or scrolls to gloss illustrations typically configured text and image in visually overlapping, but cognitively separate, spaces.

    • 2011, Catherine A M Clarke, Mapping the Medieval City: Space, Place and Identity in Chester c.1200-1600, University of Wales Press, →ISBN:

      The author notes that:
      Each of these held in one Hand a Scroll or Label, upon which were inscribed in Latin, but in the Old English Character, the Names of Kings and Saints of the Royal Line of MERCIA. Many of the Labels are broke off, others are so much defaced, that only a Syllable or two can be read.

    • 2012, David Glover; Scott McCracken, The Cambridge Companion to Popular Fiction, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 177:

      While word balloons had been present in Europe for some time, from the phylactery (inscribed scroll) seen in medieval art to the 'labels' or 'banners' of nineteenth-century English satirical illustrator George Cruikshank, among others ...

14. (graphical user interface) A non-interactive control or widget displaying text, often used to describe the purpose of another control.

派生語

派生した語

動詞

label (third-person singular simple present labels, present participle (英国用法) labelling or (米国用法) labeling, simple past and past participle (英国用法) labelled or (米国用法) labeled)

1. (transitive) To put a label (a ticket または sign) on (something).

   The shop assistant labeled all the products in the shop.

2. (ditransitive) To give a label to (someone または something) in order to categorise that person or thing.

   He's been unfairly labeled as a cheat, although he's only ever cheated once.

   • 1972 December 29, Richard Schickel, “Masterpieces underrated and overlooked”, in Life, volume 73, number 25, page 22:

     A friend of mine who runs an intellectual magazine was grousing about his movie critic, complaining that though the fellow had liked The Godfather (page 58), he had neglected to label it clearly as a masterpiece.

3. (biochemistry) To replace specific atoms by their isotope in order to track the presence or movement of this isotope through a reaction, metabolic pathway or cell.
4. (biochemistry) To add a detectable substance, either transiently or permanently, to a biological substance in order to track the presence of the label-substance combination either in situ or in vitro
   • 2015, "Protein binder woes" (editorial), Nature Methods, 12(5) (May): 373.

     They may be used to label and image a protein within tissue, to isolate cells on the basis of marker expression, or to physically capture a protein from a complex biological mixture....

同意語

• (put a ticket または sign on): tag, price
• (give a label to in order to categorise): categorise, compartmentalise, peg, pigeonhole; see also Thesaurus:classify

派生語

• relabel

参照

• “label”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• label in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• (projecting moulding in architecture): Dictionary of Architecture (Architectural Publication Society of London)

アナグラム

• Abell, Beall, Bella, be-all