medianとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Middle French median, from Latin medianus (“of または pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of mean and mizzen. Cognate with 古期英語 midde, middel (“middle”). More at middle.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmiːdɪən/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmiːdi.ən/

名詞

median (複数形 medians)

1. (anatomy, now rare) A central vein or nerve, especially the median vein or median nerve running through the forearm and arm. [from 15th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 3, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     Why is not our jugular or throat-veine as much at our command as the mediane [transl. mediane]?

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970, partition II, section 5, member 2:

     The Greeks prescribe the median or middle vein to be opened, and so much blood to be taken away as the patient may well spare, and the cut that is made must be wide enough.

2. (geometry) A line segment joining the vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposing side.
4. (statistics) A number separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, population, or probability distribution. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to highest value and picking the middle one (e.g., the median of {3, 3, 5, 9, 11} is 5). If there is an even number of observations, then there is no single middle value; the median is then usually defined to be the mean of the two middle values. [from 19th c.]
5. (US) The area separating two lanes of opposite-direction traffic; the median strip. [from 20th c.]
   • 2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 134:

     Seen from street level, the median was clean most days. From the third floor you peered over the benches and trees and saw the trash crowding the subway ventilation grates and paving stones.

同意語

• (median strip): central reservation

上位語

• quantile

等位語

• (statistics): median (2-quantile), tercile/tertile (3), quartile (4), quintile (5), sextile (6), septile (7), octile (8), decile (10), hexadecile (16), ventile/vigintile (20), centile/percentile (100)

関連する語

• mean
• mediate
• mediation
• mediator
• medium
• mediocre
• mediocrity

形容詞

median (not comparable)

1. Situated in a middle, central, or intermediate part, section, or range of (something). [from 16th c.]
2. (anatomy, botany) In the middle of an organ, structure etc.; towards the median plane of an organ or limb. [from 16th c.]
3. (statistics) Having the median as its value. [from 19th c.]

派生語

• median line
• median strip

参考

• average
• mean
• mode

アナグラム

• Damien, Eidman, Maiden, Manide, Medina, Midean, aidmen, demain, maenid, maiden, mained, medina, meidan