henとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English hen, from 古期英語 henn (“hen”), from Proto-West Germanic *hannju, from Proto-Germanic *hanjō (“hen”), from Proto-Indo-European *kan-, *kana- (“to sing”).

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hanne (“hen”), West Frisian hin (“hen”), Dutch hen (“hen”), German Low German Heen (“hen”), German Henne (“hen”), Danish høne (“hen”), Swedish höna (“hen”), Icelandic hæna (“hen”). Related also to 古期英語 hana (“cock, rooster”).

別の表記

• henne (廃れた用法)

名詞

hen (複数形 hens)

1. A female chicken (Gallus gallus), particularly a sexually mature one kept for her eggs.
   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 2, in The Mirror and the Lamp‎^[6]:

     She was a fat, round little woman, richly apparelled in velvet and lace, […]; and the way she laughed, cackling like a hen, the way she talked to the waiters and the maid, […]—all these unexpected phenomena impelled one to hysterical mirth, and made one class her with such immortally ludicrous types as Ally Sloper, the Widow Twankey, or Miss Moucher.

   Coordinate term: cock

2. A female of other bird species, particularly a sexually mature female fowl.

   Coordinate term: cock

   • 2023 June 17, Severin Carrell, “Dancing Capercaillie bird makes a tentative comeback in Scotland”, in The Guardian‎^[7]:

     In Tain, north of Inverness, staff detected 11 males and at least seven hens – the highest number there since 2011.

3. (uncommon) A female fish (especially a salmon または trout) or crustacean.
   • 2005, Roderick Sutterby, Malcolm Greenhalgh, “Life in the Nursery”, in Atlantic Salmon: An Illustrated Natural History, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, →ISBN, page 21:

     As spawning time approaches – autumn or very early winter in most rivers, though in some late-run streams salmon may spawn as late as January or February – the hen's colouration becomes first a matt-pewter and then a drab dark brown-grey. The cock fish, in contrast, begins to gain some brighter colours.

   Synonym: henfish

   Coordinate terms: cock, cockfish

4. (figurative) A woman.
   • 1785, Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue:

     Hen, a woman. A cock and hen club; a club composed of men and women.

   1. (UK, informal) A bride-to-be, particularly in the context of a hen night.
5. (UK, informal) A hen night.
6. (Scotland, informal) An affectionate term of address used to women or girls.

   Don't cry, hen. Everything will be all right.

7. (figurative, derogatory, uncommon) A henlike person of either sex.
8. The hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), a bivalve shellfish.

同意語

• (female bird): hen-bird
• (bride-to-be): bachelorette (米国用法)
• (M. mercenaria): hard clam, hen-clam, hen-fish

派生語

動詞

hen (三人称単数 現在形 hens, 現在分詞 henning, 過去形および過去分詞形 henned)

1. Alternative form of mother-hen
   • 1943, McCall's - Volume 71, page 69:

     Once he had flared up, "If ever a man was henned, it's me!"

   • 1984, Susan C. Feldhake, Love Beyond Surrender, page 52:

     Mammy henned the black workers into placing the trunks beside the girls.

参考

• broody

語源 2

From Middle English henne, heonne, hinne, from earlier henene, heonenen, henen, from 古期英語 heonan, hionan, heonane, heonone (“hence, from here, away, from how”), from Proto-Germanic *hina, *hinanō (“from here”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”). Cognate with Dutch heen (“away”), German hin (“hence, from here”), Danish hen (“away, further, on”). 参考 hence.

副詞

hen (not comparable)

1. (dialectal) Hence.

語源 3

From hen (“hence, away”), or a variant of hench.

動詞

hen (三人称単数 現在形 hens, 現在分詞 henning, 過去形および過去分詞形 henned)

1. (dialectal) To throw.

アナグラム

• NHE, Neh.