Eastとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English est, from 古期英語 ēast, from Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews-.

Compare West Frisian east, Dutch oost, German Ost, Danish øst, Norwegian Nynorsk aust, Swedish öst.

発音

• IPA^(key): /iːst/, enPR: ēst
• 韻: -iːst

名詞

east (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 easts)

1. One of the four principal compass points, specifically 90°, conventionally directed to the right on maps; the direction of the rising sun at an equinox.

   Alternative form: (abbreviation) E

   Portsmouth is to the east of Southampton.

   We live in the east of the country.

   • 1895, Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure:

     In a few hours the birds come to it from all points of the compass – east, west, north, and south […]

2. The eastern region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
   • 1855, John Reynolds, My Own Times: Embracing Also the History of My Life, page 271:

     We, in the west, agreed amongst ourselves that a penitentiary should be erected with our half of the money arising as above stated; and the east agreed to improve the country in their vicinity with the other half.

3. (ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the altar and chancel; the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.
   • 2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:

     A few [Anglican churches in South Carolina, Virginia and Maryland] are oriented other than due [geographic] east—St. Paul's, St. George's, and Prince George's parish churches face northeast and St. Andrew's, southeast. […] Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, the altar is located at the east end of the church, and the gallery, at the west.

   • 2018, Anat Geva, Modernism and American Mid-20th Century Sacred Architecture, Routledge, →ISBN:

     However, in Mies' chapel, liturgical east is magnetic west.

   • 2019, Sarah Hosking; "Coventry Cathedral"; in Prickett Stephen Prickett, Edinburgh Companion to the Bible and the Arts, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 371:

     The tapestry by Graham Sutherland that occupies the whole wall of the liturgical east and geographic north of the cathedral is recognisable to the point of visual exhaustion.

等位語

(compass points)

northwest	north	northeast
west		east
southwest	south	southeast

派生語

形容詞

east (not comparable)

1. Situated or lying in or towards the east; eastward.
2. (meteorology) Blowing (as wind) from the east.
3. Of or pertaining to the east; eastern.
4. From the East; oriental.
5. (ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical east.

   the east front of a cathedral

   • 2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:

     Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, the altar is located at the east end of the church, and the gallery, at the west.

   • 2019, Sarah Hosking; "Coventry Cathedral"; in Prickett Stephen Prickett, Edinburgh Companion to the Bible and the Arts, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 371:

     The tapestry by Graham Sutherland that occupies the whole wall of the liturgical east and geographic north of the cathedral is recognisable […] a huge image of Christ on the [liturgical] east end, filling the entire wall and to be visible through the [liturgical] West Window (Fig. 24.2).

同意語

• (situated または lying in または towards the east): eastward
• (meteorology: wind from the east): easterly
• (of または pertaining to the east): eastern
• (from the East): oriental

反意語

• (situated または lying in または towards the east): westward
• (meteorology: wind from the east): westerly
• (of または pertaining to the east): western

副詞

east (not comparable)

1. towards the east; eastwards

同意語

• (towards the east): eastwards

反意語

• (towards the east): west. westwards

派生した語

• → Cornish: est

アナグラム

• AEST, ESTA, SEAT, Seat, TEAs, eats, etas, sate, saté, seat, seta, tase, teas

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“eastern”).

Cognate with Old Frisian āst, Old Saxon ost, Dutch oost, Old High German ōst, German Osten, Old Norse austr. The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin auster (“southerly”) and aurora (“dawn”), Latvian austrumi (“easterly”), Proto-Slavic *utro.

発音

• IPA^(key): /æ͜ɑːst/

名詞

ēast m

1. the east

語形変化

派生した語

• Middle English: est
  • English: east
    • → Cornish: est
  • Scots: eist, aist
• → Old French: est
  • French: est (see there for further descendants)

形容詞

ēast

1. eastern, easterly

語形変化

副詞

ēast

1. from the east
2. towards the east