pagodaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• pagod, pagodah, pagodo, bagoda
• (obsolete): pagode, pagothe, pagotha, pagodoe

語源

From Portuguese pagode (“Hindu temple, Hindu idol, pagoda coin”), from any of various Dravidian languages' words of respectful address to Hindu gods and idols and their temples, including Malayalam പകോതി (pakōti, “Durga temple”), Kannada, and Tamil பகவதி (pakavati, “Durga, Parvati”), possibly corrupted under the influence of Portuguese pagão (“pagan”), all ultimately from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, “Holy One, used for goddesses”). Previously but mistakenly connected with various other languages from Persia to China.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /pəˈɡoʊ.də/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pəˈɡəʊ.də/
• 韻: -əʊdə

名詞

pagoda (plural pagodas)

1. (Hinduism, obsolete) A Hindu temple. [from 16th c.]
   • 1582, Nicholas Lichefield translating Fernão Lopes de Castanheda as The Historie of the Discouerie and Conquest of the East Indias..., Vol. I, p. 34:

     This King of Calycut was a Bramene, as others his Predeceſſours alſo were, which amongſt the Malabars are Prieſts, and for that it is a cuſtome and anncient order obſerved, that all the Kings doe dye in one Pagode, which is the houſe of praiers to their Idolls...

   • 1719, Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg et al., translated by Jenkin Thomas Philipps, Thirty-Four Conferences between the Danish Missionaries and the Malabarian Bramans..., page 89:

     All your Religious Women who assist at the Performances of Pagod Ceremonies, are unexceptionably great Whores.

2. (Hinduism, Buddhism, uncommon) A tall building in an Indian, Burmese, or Thai style erected at Hindu or Buddhist temples in South and Southeast Asia, a stupa surmounted with a high point.
3. A multi-storey tower in a Chinese style used in various contexts across East Asia and Nepal, usually with upturned curving roofs above each storey.
   • 1769, Tobias Smollett, The History and Adventures of an Atom, volume II, page 170:

     He declared he would ascend the highest pinnacle of the highest pagod in Japan.

   • 1943 November and December, G. T. Porter, “The Lines Behind the Lines in Burma”, in Railway Magazine, page 325:

     On the journey southwards over the flat, fertile plains, paddy fields stretched away on each side of the line, and the landscape was broken only by wooden villages and stately pagodas.

4. (now rare) Alternative form of pagod, an idol, chiefly in South and Southeast Asia. [from 16th c.]
5. (historical) A unit of currency, a coin made of gold or half gold, issued by various dynasties and colonial powers in southern India. [from 16th c.]
   • 1693 January 2 (date written; Gregorian calendar), J. Talboys Wheeler, compiler, “Governorship of Mr. Nathaniel Higginson. 1692–1698.”, in Madras in the Olden Time: Being a History of the Presidency from the First Foundation of the Governorship of Thomas Pitt, Grandfather of the Earl of Chatham. 1639–1702. […], Madras: […] J. Higginbotham, […], by Graves and Co., Scottish Press, published 1861, →OCLC, page 262:

     [T]he Mahrattas having offered Alimerdy Khan his liberty for a lak of Pagodas; he does in the Nabob's name desire that the Governor of Madras would receive jewels and money to that amount into his custody, […]

   • 1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 240:

     I, in about two hours, notwithstanding the utmost caution, found myself minus upwards of six hundred pagodas […] .

6. (rare) Short for pagoda sleeve. [from 19th c.]

派生語

参考

• stupa, wat

参照

• “pagoda”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “pagoda, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• Considine, John, "The Treatment of Pagoda in Etymological Dictionaries", Words and Dictionaries... (2016), pp. 87–96.
• Dalgado, Sebastião Rodolfo, Glossário Luso-Asiático (1921), Vol. II, pp. 129–137.