fungusとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/
• 韻: -ʌŋɡəs

名詞

fungus (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 fungi または funguses)

1. (mycology) Any member of the kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.
   • 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

2. (now rare, pathology) A spongy, abnormal excrescence, such as excessive granulation tissue formed in a wound.

下位語

• (organism): ascomycete, basidiomycete, mold, mushroom, toadstool, yeast

派生語

関連する語

• fungous

派生した語

• → Irish: fungas

Latin

fungus (a mushroom)

語源

Originally sfungus. Along with Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos), "sponge" (whence Latin spongia), σφόγγος (sphóngos), and Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn), likely a loanword from a non-Indo-European substrate language. Possibly also related to Georgian სოკო (soḳo), Tsez зикӀу (zik’u), Bezhta сакӀо (sak’o), Moksha панга (panga) and Erzya панго (pango, “mushroom”). Linguists such as Kluge and Kroonen have suggested a connection to English swamp and its Germanic cognates.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfun.ɡus/, [ˈfʊŋɡʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfun.ɡus/, [ˈfuŋɡus]

名詞

fungus m (genitive fungī); second declension

1. a mushroom; a fungus
2. a fungal growth or infection
3. a candle-snuff
4. (figuratively) dolt, idiot

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

派生語

• fungīnus
• fungōsus
• fungulus

関連する語

• fungidus

派生した語

参照

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 586–587
• “fungus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fungus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fungus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• fungus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to perform the last rites for a person: supremo officio in aliquem fungi
    
  • (ambiguous) to live a perfect life: virtutis perfectae perfecto munere fungi (Tusc. 1. 45. 109)
    
  • (ambiguous) to do one's duty: officio suo fungi
    
  • (ambiguous) to perform official duties: munere fungi, muneri praeesse