schemeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Medieval Latin schēma (“figure, form”), from Ancient Greek σχῆμα (skhêma, “form, shape”), from ἔχω (ékhō, “I hold”). Doublet of schema. Compare sketch.

発音

• IPA: /skiːm/
• 韻: -iːm

名詞

scheme (plural schemes)

1. (rhetoric, obsolete) An artful deviation from the ordinary arrangement of words. [16th–17th c.]
2. (astrology) A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment or at a given event. [from 17th c.]
   • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

     a blue case, from which was drawn a scheme of nativity

3. A systematic plan of future action. [from 18th c.]

   Synonyms: blueprint; see also Thesaurus:design

   • c. 1713, Jonathan Swift, Thoughts on Various Subjects:

     The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes.

   • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

     A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays. This set-up solves several problems […].

4. A plot or secret, devious plan.

   Synonyms: conspiracy, intrigue, machination

5. An orderly combination of related parts.
   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

     the appearance and outward scheme of things

   • 1706, Francis Atterbury, A Sermon Preach'd in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul; at the Funeral of My. Tho. Bennett:

     such a scheme of things as shall at once take in time and eternity

   • 1754, Jonathan Edwards, The Freedom of the Will:

     arguments […] sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy

   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XX, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of life.

6. A chart or diagram of a system or object.

   Synonyms: plot, schematic; see also Thesaurus:diagram, Thesaurus:schematic

   • April 29, 1694, Robert South, A Sermon Preached at Westminster Abbey

     to draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map of France

7. (mathematics) A mathematical structure that generalizes the notion of an algebraic variety in several ways, such as taking account of multiplicities and allowing "varieties" defined over any commutative ring. Formally, a locally ringed space that admits a covering by open sets, each of which is isomorphic to an affine scheme (i.e. the spectrum of some commutative ring).
8. (UK, chiefly Scotland, colloquial) A council housing estate. [from 20th c.]

   Synonyms: estate, project

   • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 101:

     It was all too dear. They all just put their prices up because it was out in the scheme.

   • 2023 July 2, David Barnett, quoting Irvine Welsh, “‘Choose drugs?’ 30 years after he wrote Trainspotting, Irvine Welsh says life is tougher now”, in The Observer‎, →ISSN:

     “You can’t really say to the kids in the schemes [Scottish council estates]: don’t do drugs, they’ll wreck your life, you’ll never get a job or a house or buy nice things.”

9. (Internet) Part of a uniform resource identifier indicating the protocol or other purpose, such as http: or news:.
10. (UK, pensions) A portfolio of pension plans with related benefits comprising multiple independent members.

使用する際の注意点

In the US, generally has devious connotations, while in the UK, frequently used as a neutral term for projects: “The road is closed due to a pavement-widening scheme.”

派生語

派生した語

• → Irish: scéim
• → Malay: skim

動詞

scheme (third-person singular simple present schemes, present participle scheming, simple past and past participle schemed)

1. (intransitive) To plot, or contrive a plan; to manuever.
   • 1987 November 8, Ron Hansen, “CHILDREN'S BOOKS; DISCOVERING THE OPPOSITE SEX”, in The New York Times‎:

     Laura snatches coins from inside a truck to make a telephone call, scrounges shoes and clothes for them at a municipal beach, schemes to get a room key so she and Howie can sleep overnight in the Starlight Motel, steals a Jeepster from a deputy sheriff who's trying to arrest them.

   • 2012 April 26, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits”, in The Onion AV Club‎:

     The openly ridiculous plot has The Pirate Captain (Hugh Grant) scheming to win the Pirate Of The Year competition, even though he’s a terrible pirate, far outclassed by rivals voiced by Jeremy Piven and Salma Hayek.

2. (transitive) To plan; to contrive; to manuever.
   • 1908, Bohemian Magazine, volume 15, page 381:

     He schemed a plot. He made use of the hotel's stationery to write a letter.

同意語

参照

• “scheme, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2022.
• Silva Rhetoricae

アナグラム

• Meches