schemeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /skiːm/
• 韻: -iːm

名詞

scheme (複数形 schemes)

1. (rhetoric, obsolete) An artful deviation from the ordinary arrangement of words. [16th–17th c.]
2. (astrology) A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment or at a given event. [from 17th c.]
3. A systematic plan of future action. [from 18th c.]
   • c. 1713, Jonathan Swift, Thoughts on Various Subjects

     The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes.

   • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

     A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays. This set-up solves several problems […].

4. A plot or secret, devious plan.
5. An orderly combination of related parts.
   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

     the appearance and outward scheme of things

   • 1706, Francis Atterbury, A Sermon Preach'd in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul; at the Funeral of My. Tho. Bennett:

     such a scheme of things as shall at once take in time and eternity

   • 1754, Jonathan Edwards, The Freedom of the Will:

     arguments […] sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy

   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 20, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of life.

6. A chart or diagram of a system or object.
   • April 29, 1694, Robert South, A Sermon Preached at Westminster Abbey

     to draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map of France

7. (mathematics) A mathematical structure that enlarges the notion of algebraic variety in several ways, such as taking account of multiplicities and allowing "varieties" defined over any commutative ring (e.g. Fermat curves over the integers).
8. (UK, chiefly Scotland, colloquial) A council housing estate. [from 20th c.]
   • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 101:

     It was all too dear. They all just put their prices up because it was out in the scheme.

   • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

     a blue case, from which was drawn a scheme of nativity

9. (Internet) Part of a uniform resource identifier indicating the protocol or other purpose, such as http: or news:.
10. (UK, pensions) A portfolio of pension plans with related benefits comprising multiple independent members.

使用する際の注意点

In the US, generally has devious connotations, while in the UK, frequently used as a neutral term for projects: “The road is closed due to a pavement-widening scheme.”

同意語

• (a systematic plan of future action): blueprint

派生語

• colour scheme
• pilot scheme
• schematization

派生した語

• → Irish: scéim
• → Malay: skim

動詞

scheme (三人称単数 現在形 schemes, 現在分詞 scheming, 過去形および過去分詞形 schemed)

1. (intransitive) To plot, or contrive a plan.
   • 2012 April 26, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits”, in The Onion AV Club‎^[2]:

     The openly ridiculous plot has The Pirate Captain (Hugh Grant) scheming to win the Pirate Of The Year competition, even though he’s a terrible pirate, far outclassed by rivals voiced by Jeremy Piven and Salma Hayek.

2. (transitive) To plan; to contrive.
   • 1908, Bohemian Magazine, volume 15, page 381:

     He schemed a plot. He made use of the hotel's stationery to write a letter.

参照

• “scheme, n.¹”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2022.
• Silva Rhetoricae

アナグラム

• Meches