hogとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /hɒɡ/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /hɑɡ/, /hɔɡ/
• 韻: -ɒɡ
• Homophone: hogg

語源 1

From Middle English hog, from 古期英語 hogg, hocg (“hog”), possibly from Old Norse hǫggva (“to strike, chop, cut”), from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to beat, hew, forge”).

Cognate with Old High German houwan, Old Saxon hauwan, 古期英語 hēawan (English hew). Hog originally meant a castrated male pig, hence a sense of “the cut one”. (Compare hogget for a castrated male sheep.) More at hew. Alternatively from a Brythonic language, from Proto-Celtic *sukkos, from Proto-Indo-European *suH- and thus cognate with Welsh hwch (“sow”) and Cornish hogh (“pig”).

名詞

hog (複数形 hogs)

1. Any animal belonging to the Suidae family of mammals, especially the pig, the warthog, and the boar.
2. (specifically) An adult swine (contrasted with a pig, a young swine).
   • 2005 April, Live Swine from Canada, Investigation No. 731-TA-1076 (Final), publication 3766, April 2005, U.S. International Trade Commission →ISBN, page I-9:

     Weanlings grow into feeder pigs, and feeder pigs grow into slaughter hogs. […] Ultimately the end use for virtually all pigs and hogs is to be slaughtered for the production of pork and other products.

3. (slang) A greedy person or thing; one who refuses to share.

   Since the latest upgrade, this program has turned into a CPU hog.

4. (slang) A large motorcycle, particularly a Harley-Davidson.
5. (UK) A young sheep that has not been shorn.
6. (nautical) A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water.
   • 1813, John Mason Good, Olinthus Gilbert Gregory, and Newton Bosworth, Pantologia. A new (cabinet) cyclopædia, volume 5, T. Davison, Lombard street, Whitefriars, page 11:

     Hog, on board a ship, is a sort of flat scrubbing-broom, formed by inclosing a number of short twigs of birch or such wood between two pieces of plank fastened together, and cutting off the ends of the twigs. It is used to scrape the filth from a ship's bottom under water, particularly in the act of boot-topping. For this purpose they fit to this broom a long staff with two ropes; one of which is used to thrust the hog under the ship's bottom, and the other to guide and pull it up again close to the planks.

7. A device for mixing and stirring the pulp from which paper is made.
8. (UK, historical, archaic slang, countable and uncountable) A shilling coin; its value, 12 old pence.
   • 1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 29, in Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC, pages 214–215:

     “’Ere y'are, the best rig-out you ever ’ad. A tosheroon [half a crown]^[sic] for the coat, two ’ogs for the trousers, one and a tanner for the boots, and a ’og for the cap and scarf. That's seven bob.”

   • 1961, Eric Partridge, The Routledge Dictionary of Historical Slang:

     hog (pl hog). A shilling: orig. (ca 1670), c.; in C.19–20, low s.

9. (UK, historical, obsolete slang, countable and uncountable) A tanner, a sixpence coin; its value.
   • 1961, Eric Partridge, The Routledge Dictionary of Historical Slang:

     hog (pl hog)... 2. In C.18–early 19, occ. a sixpence: also c., whence the U.S. sense. Prob. ex the figure of a hog on a small silver coin.

10. (UK, historical, obsolete slang, countable and uncountable) A half-crown coin; its value, 30 old pence.
    • 1961, Eric Partridge, The Routledge Dictionary of Historical Slang:

      hog (pl hog)... 3. A half-crown: ca 1860–1910.

11. (nautical) the effect of the middle of the hull of a ship rising while the ends droop
    • 1920, The Records of the Proceedings and the Printed Papers, Parliamentary paper:

      I would not consider a ship unseaworthy because she had a hog. There is no danger to life in sailing in a hogged ship. I have sailed in vessels having a 2-ft. hog in the keel. The keel has been straightened by being filled in underneath.

    • 2007, Charles E. Brodine, Michael J. Crawford, Christine F. Hughes, Interpreting Old Ironsides: An Illustrated Guide to USS Constitution, Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 84:

      On inspection it was found that the vessel's keel had a hog of nearly fourteen inches.

下位語

• (shilling coins) white hog, black hog

派生語

動詞

hog (三人称単数 現在形 hogs, 現在分詞 hogging, 過去形および過去分詞形 hogged)

1. (transitive) To greedily take more than one's share, to take precedence at the expense of another or others.
   • 2000 DiCamillo, Kate Because of Winn-Dixie, Scholastic Inc., New York, Ch 15:

     The [...] air-conditioning unit didn't work very good, and there was only one fan; and from the minute me and Winn-Dixie got in the library, he hogged it all.

   Hey! Quit hogging all the blankets.

2. (transitive) To clip the mane of a horse, making it short and bristly.
   • 1880, William Day, The Racehorse in Training:

     Some, perhaps, would wish to plait or shave the tail and crimp or hog the mane to complete the picture.

3. (nautical) To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.
4. (transitive, nautical) To cause the keel of a ship to arch upwards (the opposite of sag).
   • 1991, J. E. Gordon, Structures: Or Why Things Don't Fall Down, Penguin UK, →ISBN, page 52:

     Although most of the buoyancy of a ship is provided by the middle part of the hull and comparatively little by the tapering ends, nothing will ever prevent people from putting heavy weights into the ends of a ship. One result of this is that many vessels tend to 'hog' (the two ends tend to droop かつ the middle of the hull tends to rise).

   • 2013, H. I. Lavery, Shipboard Operations, Routledge, →ISBN, page 267:

     Difficulty may be encountered when securing cargo hatches on ships which hog or sag and the water-tight integrity of the ship may be impaired.

同意語

• (take greedily): bogart

動詞

hog (三人称単数 現在形 hogs, 現在分詞 hogging, 過去形および過去分詞形 hogged)

1. (transitive) To process (bark, etc.) into hog fuel.

派生語

• unhogged

語源 3

Clipping of quahog

名詞

hog (複数形 hogs)

1. (informal) A quahog (clam)

アナグラム

• GOH, GoH, Goh, OHG, OHG., gho