leanとは

語源 1

From Middle English lenen (“to lean”), from 古期英語 hleonian, hlinian (“to lean, recline, lie down, rest”), from Proto-Germanic *hlinjaną (“to lean, incline”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-. Cognate via Proto-Germanic with Middle Dutch leunen (“to lean”), German lehnen (“to lean”); via Proto-Indo-European with climate, cline.

動詞

lean (third-person singular simple present leans, present participle leaning, simple past and past participle leaned or (英国用法) leant)

1. To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating.

   a leaning column

   She leaned out of the window.

2. To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; with to, toward, etc.

   I'm leaning towards voting Conservative in the next election.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Edmund Spenser

     They delight rather to lean to their old customs.

3. To rest or rely, for support, comfort, etc.; with on, upon, or against.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Alfred Tennyson

     He leaned not on his fathers but himself.

   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 23, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick and holding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.

4. To hang outwards.
5. To press against.
   • (Can we date this quote?) John Dryden

     His fainting limbs against an oak he leant.

派生語

• forward-leaning
• lean back
• leaning
• lean on
• lean-to

関連する語

• climate
• cline

名詞

lean (複数形 leans)

1. (of an object taller than its width かつ depth) An inclination away from the vertical.

   The trees had various leans toward gaps in the canopy.

同意語

• (inclination away from vertical): tilt

語源 2

From Middle English lene (“lean”), from 古期英語 hlǣne (“lean”), (cognate with Low German leen), perhaps from hlǣnan (“to cause to lean (due to hunger または lack of food)”), from Proto-Germanic *hlainijaną (“to cause to lean”). If so, then related to 古期英語 hlinian, hleonian (“to lean”).

形容詞

lean (comparative leaner, superlative leanest)

1. (of a person または animal) Slim; not fleshy.

   Synonyms: lithe, svelte, willowy; see also Thesaurus:slender

2. (of meat) Having little fat.

   lean steak cuts

3. Having little extra or little to spare; scanty; meagre.

   Synonyms: insufficient, scarce, sparse; see also Thesaurus:inadequate

   a lean budget

   a lean harvest

4. Having a low proportion or concentration of a desired substance or ingredient.

   Synonyms: deficient, dilute, poor

   Antonym: rich

   A lean ore hardly worth mining.

   Running on too lean a fuel-air mixture will cause, among other problems, your internal combustion engine to heat up too much.

5. (printing, archaic) Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the usual wages; opposed to fat.

   lean copy, matter, or type

6. (business) Efficient, economic, frugal, agile, slimmed-down; pertaining to the modern industrial principles of "lean manufacturing"

   lean management

   lean manufacturing

   Alcoa is now a lean and agile enterprise, after having split last year into two entities.

派生語

• leanness
• leansome

名詞

lean (uncountable)

1. Meat with no fat on it.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Traditional rhyme

     Jack Sprat would eat no fat, / His wife would eat no lean.

動詞

lean (三人称単数 現在形 leans, 現在分詞 leaning, 過去形および過去分詞形 leaned)

1. To thin out (a fuel-air mixture): to reduce the fuel flow into the mixture so that there is more air or oxygen.
   • 1938 July, Blaine and Dupont Miller, “Weather Hop”, in Boy's Life‎^[1], Boy Scouts of America, ISSN 0006-8608, page 25:

     He leaned the mixture in an effort to cause a backfire through the carburetor, the generally accepted method of breaking the ice loose.

   • 2002 July, Tom Benenson, “Can Your Engine Run Too Lean?”, in Flying‎^[2], volume 129, number 7, ISSN 0015-4806, page 73:

     Even the Pilot's Operating Handbooks (POH) for our training airplanes add to our paranoia with their insistence that we not lean the mixture until we're above 5000 feet density altitude.

語源 3

From Icelandic leyna? Akin to German leugnen (“deny”). Compare lie (“speak falsely”).

動詞

lean (三人称単数 現在形 leans, 現在分詞 leaning, 過去形および過去分詞形 leaned)

1. To conceal.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Ray to this entry?)

語源 4

Probably from the verb to lean (see etymology 1 above), supposedly because consumption of the intoxicating beverage causes one to "lean".

名詞

lean (uncountable)

1. (slang, US) A recreational drug based on codeine-laced promethazine cough syrup, popular in the hip hop community in the southeastern United States.
   • 2005, Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, and Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), “Stay Fly”, in Most Known Unknown‎^[3], Sony BMG, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, かつ MJG):

     Eyes real tight 'cause I'm chokin' the creep; vision messed up 'cause I'm drinkin' the lean.

同意語

• sizzurp, syrup
• purple drank

参考

• lean on Wikipedia.

参照

• lean in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• lean in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

アナグラム

• ELAN, Lane, Lena, Nale, Neal, elan, enal, lane, nale, neal, élan

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈlæːɑn/

語源 1

From Proto-Germanic *launą, from a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-European *leh₂u- (“catch, plunder, profit”). Cognate with Old Frisian lān, Old Saxon lōn, Dutch loon, Old High German lōn (German Lohn), Old Norse laun (Swedish lön), Gothic �������� (laun). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek λεία (leía) (from *λαϝία), Latin lucrum, Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ) (Russian лов (lov)), Old Irish lóg, Lithuanian lãvinti.

名詞

lēan n

1. reward

   "Heard weorc is his āgen lēan," cwæþ se hlāford tō þām þēowe.

   "Hard work is its own reward," said the master to the slave.

語形変化

関連する語

• lēanian

語源 2

From Proto-Germanic *lahaną. Cognate with Old Saxon lahan, Old High German lahan, Old Norse lá, Gothic ���������� (laian).

動詞

lēan

1. (transitive) to blame, fault, reproach

Conjugation

派生した語

• Middle English: *lēen (attested in past tense lough)