rifleとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Originally short for “rifled gun”, referring to the spiral grooves inside the barrel. From Middle English riflen (“to rob, plunder, search through”), from Old French rifler (“to lightly scratch, scrape off, plunder”), from Old High German riffilōn (compare German riffeln (“to score, make grooves in, ripple”), archaic Dutch rijfelen (“to scrape”), 古期英語 rifelan, riflian (“to wrinkle”)), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (compare Old Norse rífa (“to tear, break”)). More at rive.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹaɪfəl/
• 韻: -aɪfəl

名詞

rifle (複数形 rifles)

1. (weaponry) A firearm fired from the shoulder; improved range and accuracy is provided by a long, rifled barrel.
   • 1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 7, in The Dust of Conflict‎^[1]:

     Still, a dozen men with rifles, and cartridges to match, stayed behind when they filed through a white aldea lying silent amid the cane, and the Sin Verguenza swung into slightly quicker stride.

   • 1995, Klein, Richard, “Introduction”, in Cigarettes are sublime, Paperback edition, Durham: Duke University Press, published 1993, →ISBN, OCLC 613939086, page 8:

     In the June days of 1848 Baudelaire reports seeing revolutionaries (he might have been one of them) going through the streets of Paris with rifles, shooting all the clocks.

2. (military, usually in the plural, dated) A rifleman.
3. (weaponry) An artillery piece with a rifled barrel.
4. A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for sharpening scythes.

派生語

派生した語

動詞

rifle (三人称単数 現在形 rifles, 現在分詞 rifling, 過去形および過去分詞形 rifled)

1. (intransitive) To quickly search through many items (such as papers, the contents of a drawer, a pile of clothing). (See also riffle^[2])

   She made a mess when she rifled through the stack of papers, looking for the title document.

2. (intransitive) To commit robbery or theft.
   • 1566, Thomas Harman, A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursitors:

     Thither repair at accustomed times their harlots […] not with empty hands, for they be as skilful in picking, rifling, and filching as the upright men.

3. (transitive) To search with intent to steal; to ransack, pillage or plunder.
   • 1633, Joseph Hall, A paraphrase upon the hard texts of Scripture

     thine enemies […] shall ransack and rifle all the things of Edom; and shall search out all thy hidden commodities, and carry them away at once

4. (transitive) To strip of goods; to rob; to pillage.
   • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The VVinters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene v]:

     Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye: / If not, we'll make you sit and rifle you.

5. (transitive) To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off.
   • 1715–1720, Homer; [Alexander] Pope, transl., “Book I”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], OCLC 670734254:

     Time shall rifle every youthful grace.

6. (transitive) To add a spiral groove to a gun bore to make a fired bullet spin in flight in order to improve range and accuracy.
7. (transitive) To cause (a projectile, as a rifle bullet) to travel in a flat ballistic trajectory.
   • 2010 December 28, Marc Vesty, “Stoke 0 - 2 Fulham”, in BBC‎^[3]:

     Davies's cross was headed away from danger by Robert Huth, only for Baird to take the ball in his stride and rifle his right-footed effort towards the corner from the edge of the box.

   • 2011 Fighting for Gold: The Story of Canada's Sledge Hockey Paralympic Gold by Lorna Schultz Schultz Nicholson

     But a Norwegian player rifled off a point shot that sailed into the back of the net.

8. (intransitive) To move in a flat ballistic trajectory (as a rifle bullet).
   • 2014: Lights of Summer: The Run for Glory by Alexander Rebelle

     The ball rifled off the bat.

9. (transitive, obsolete) To dispose of in a raffle.
   • c. 1600 (date written; first published 1657), attributed to Thomas Dekker; John Day; William Houghton, Lust’s Dominion: Or, The Lascivious Queen. A Tragedie, London: […] J. Chappell, Jun. […], published 1818, OCLC 13145391, Act V, scene i, page 68:

     I've at one throw / Rifled away the diadem of Spain; […]

   • 1605, John Webster, Northward Ho

     If you like not that course but intend to be rid of her , rifle her at a tavern , where you may swallow down some fifty wiseacres ' sons and heirs to old tenements and common gardens , like so many raw yolks with muscadine to bedward Kate.

10. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in a raffle.
    • 1596, George Chapman, The Blind Beggar of Alexandria:

      We'll strike up a drum, set up a tent, call people together, put crowns apiece, let's rifle for her

参照

• rifle at OneLook Dictionary Search
• rifle in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

アナグラム

• Filer, Friel, filer, flier, lifer