wageとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English wage, from Anglo-Norman wage, from Old Northern French wage, a northern variant of Old French gauge, guage (whence modern French gage), Medieval Latin wadium, from Frankish *waddī (cognate with 古期英語 wedd), from Proto-Germanic *wadją (“pledge”), from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to pledge, redeem a pledge”). Akin to Old Norse veðja (“to pledge”), Gothic �������� (wadi), Dutch wedde. Compare also the doublet gage. More at wed.

名詞

wage (複数形 wages)

1. (often in 複数形) An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour.

   Before her promotion, her wages were 20% less.

同意語

• earnings, pay, salary

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English wagen (“to pledge”), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wagier, a northern variant of Old French guagier (whence modern French gager), itself either from guage or from a derivative of Frankish *waddī, possibly through a Vulgar Latin intermediate *wadiō from *wadium.

動詞

wage (三人称単数 現在形 wages, 現在分詞 waging, 過去形および過去分詞形 waged)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To wager, bet.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     My life I never held but as a pawn / To wage against thine enemies

2. (transitive, obsolete) To expose oneself to, as a risk; to incur, as a danger; to venture; to hazard.
   • c. 1597, William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     I fear the power of Percy is too weak / To wage an instant trial with the King.

   • c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:

     to wake and wage a danger profitless.

3. (transitive, obsolete) To employ for wages; to hire.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xviij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book I:

     Thenne said Arthur I wille goo with yow / Nay said the kynges ye shalle not at this tyme / for ye haue moche to doo yet in these landes / therfore we wille departe / and with the grete goodes that we haue goten in these landes by youre yeftes we shalle wage good knyghtes & withstande the kynge Claudas malyce

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “The Historie of Scotlande, […]”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Hunne, OCLC 55195564, page 113, column 1:

     [B]etter it as for him to trie the vttermoſt pointe of fortunes happe, than with diſhonour ſo to yeelde at the firſt blow of hyr frowarde hande, conſidering the abundance of treaſure whiche he had in ſtore, wherewith hee might wage ſouldiers and menne of warre out of Germanie and other places, in number ſufficient to matche with his enimies.

4. (transitive) To conduct or carry out (a war または other contest).
   • 2019 May 5, Danette Chavez, “Campaigns are Waged On and Off the Game Of Thrones Battlefield (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club‎^[1], archived from the original on 28 January 2021:

     Setting our sights back on King’s Landing, where the Last War will be waged, makes a lot of sense, even if it does feel a bit anticlimactic after last week’s deadly, blustery maelstrom.

   • 1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, OCLC 2619891:

     The two are waging war, and the one triumphs by the destruction of the other.

   • 1709, John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe

     pond'ring which of all his Sons was fit / To Reign, and wage immortal War with Wit

5. (transitive) To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book II, canto VII, stanza 18:

     Thou that doest liue in later times, must wage / Thy workes for wealth, and life for gold engage.

6. (obsolete, law, UK) To give security for the performance of^[1]

使用する際の注意点

• "Wage" collocates strongly with "war", leading to expressions such as To wage peace, or To wage football implying the inclusion of a large element of conflict in the action.

派生語

• wager (agent noun)

参照