sinとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• sinne (古風な用法)
• synne (廃れた用法)

発音

• enPR: sĭn, IPA^(key): /sɪn/
• Rhymes: -ɪn

名詞

sin (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 sins)

2. (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.

   As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.

   • 1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎^[1], New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:

     Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]

3. Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.
4. A misdeed or wrong.
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

5. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:

     For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]

6. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 222, column 1:

     Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]

7. A flaw or mistake.

   No movie is without sin.

同意語

• offence
• adharma (in Hinduism)
• ithm (in Islam)

派生語

動詞

sin (三人称単数 現在形 sins, 現在分詞 sinning, 過去形および過去分詞形 sinned)

1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

派生語

語源 2

Modification of shin.

別の表記

• seen, sīn

発音

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/, /siːn/

名詞

sin (複数形 sins)

1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ‎
2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س‎

名詞

sin (複数形 sins)

1. Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)

アナグラム

• INS, Ins, Ins., NIS, NSI, Niš, in's, ins, ins., nis

Latin

語源

From sī + nē.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /siːn/, [s̠iːn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sin/, [sin]

接続詞

sīn

1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

   sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

参照

• sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive 再帰的用法).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), 古期英語 sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

発音

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

代名詞

sīn

1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, 再帰的用法 possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
   • him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
   • þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
   • þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
   • Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

使用する際の注意点

• Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

語形変化

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-. Cognate with Old Frisian sin-, Old Saxon sin-, Old High German sin-, Old Norse sí-. Related to 古期英語 sinnan (“to meditate on, care about, heed”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /sin/

接頭辞

sin-

1. ever, everlasting, continual, perpetual

   sintrendel ― round, ever turning

   sinwealt ― round, ever rolling

   sindrēam ― everlasting joy

   singrēne ― evergreen

2. huge, immense; exceedingly, very

   sinhere ― huge/immense army

   singrim ― exceedingly fierce

   sinīeþe ― very gentle

派生語

• Old English words prefixed with sin-

発音

• enPR: sĭn, IPA: /sɪn/, SAMPA: /sIn/

• 韻: -ɪn

語源 1

From 古期英語 synn, from Proto-Germanic *sunthi-/Proto-Germanic *sundjo, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), cognate to is.^[1] Cognates include Old Norse synd, Old High German sunta, Danish synd, and German Sünde, among many others.

名詞

sin (複数形 sins)

1. (theology) A violation of a moral or religious law; an error.
2. A misdeed.

派生語

関連する語

動詞

to sin (三人称単数 現在形 sins, 現在分詞 sinning, 過去形および過去分詞形 sinned)

1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

派生語

• sinner

参照

1. ^ “sin” in the Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, 2001

語源 2

Modification of shin.

別の表記

• seen
• sīn

名詞

sin (複数形 sins)

1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ
2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س

略語

sin

1. (mathematics) sine, a trigonometric function.

アナグラム

• INS, ins, ins., NIS, nis