Israelとは

意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• Isr. (abbreviation)

語源

From Middle English Israel, from 古期英語, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ (yisra'él, “Israel”)^[1][2],Phoenician ����������‎ (yšrʾl). In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל‎ (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite ������ (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic ���������� (yšrỉl),^[3] has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God",^[4] or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה‎/ש־ר־ר‎ as שָׂרָה‎ (“Sarah”)).^[5]

Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.

Doublet of Yisroel.

発音

• enPR: ĭzʹrāəl, ĭzʹrēəl; IPA^(key): /ˈɪzɹeɪəl/, /ˈɪzɹi.əl/

  (formal かつ posh RP) enPR: ĭzʹrāĕl; IPA^(key): /ˈɪzɹeɪɛl/

  (in singing, also) enPR: ĭzʹrīĕl; IPA^(key): /ˈɪzɹaɪɛl/

固有名詞

Israel (複数形 Israels)

2. The State of Israel, a modern country in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean.
3. The Land of Israel, the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people, a region that is roughly coextensive with the State of Israel.
4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied roughly the same area in ancient times.
5. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of this area, as distinct from Judah.
6. The Jews, taken collectively.
7. A male given name from Hebrew, notably borne by Jacob (after Genesis 32:28).
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 32:28:

     And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

8. A surname​.

使用する際の注意点

• (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea has been, since the latter half of the 20th century, sometimes seen as politically or emotionally charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.

同意語

• (State of Israel): the State of Israel (official name), Jewsrael (derogatory), Zionistan (derogatory)
• (Land of Israel): the Land of Israel, Palestine, the Holy Land, Canaan
• (the Jews): the Children of Israel, the Israelites, Zion

派生語

• Israelian
• Israeli
• Israelophile
• Israelophilia
• Israelophilic
• Israelophobe
• Israelophobia
• Israelophobic
• Israhell
• Isratine
• Jewsrael

関連する語

• Israelite
• Israelitic
• Israelitish

参考

• Appendix:Place names in Israel
• Appendix:Countries of the world
• (countries of Asia) country of Asia; Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
• Irving (surname used to anglicize Israel)
• Zion, Judea

参照

Further reading

• Israel on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Alires, Isreal, Lieras, Sailer, Sal Rei, ariels, railes, realis, relais, resail, sailer, serail, serial

Latin

別の表記

• Isrāhēl
• Israël

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /isˈraː.eːl/, [ɪs̠ˈräːeːɫ̪]
• (Vulgar) IPA^(key): /isˈraː.el/, [ɪsˈraːel]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /isˈra.el/, [isˈrɑːɛl]

固有名詞

Isrāēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Isrāēl または Isrāēlis); indeclinable, third declension

1. Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
   • (Can we date this quote?), Nova Vulgata, Genesis 32, 29:

     At ille: “ Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob amplius appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israel: quoniam certasti cum Deo et cum hominibus et praevaluisti! ”.

2. (New Latin) Israel, a country in the Middle East

語形変化

Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.

派生語

• Isrāēlīta, Isrāēlītēs
• isrāēlīticus, Isrāēlīticus

参照

• Israel in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press