republicとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle French republique (“republic”), from Latin rēspūblicā, from rēs (“thing”) + pūblica (“public”); hence literally “the public thing”.

発音

• IPA: /ɹɪˈpʌb.lɪk/, /ɹəˈpʌb.lɪk/
• (Northern England, Ireland) IPA: /ɹɪˈpʊb.lɪk/, /ɹəˈpʊb.lɪk/
• ハイフネーション: re‧pub‧lic

名詞

republic (plural republics)

1. A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy.

   The United States is a republic; Norway is a constitutional monarchy.

   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 256:

     Perhaps the great charm of a republic to the young mind is, the career which it seems to lay open to all, and whose success depends upon personal gifts; while their exercise seems more independent when devoted to the people rather than to the monarch.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     “[…] We are engaged in a great work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps ? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic ? […] ”

2. (archaic) A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the executive and legislative branches of government are separate.
   • 1795, Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch:

     Republicanism is the political principle of the separation of the executive power (the administration) from the legislative; despotism is that of the autonomous execution by the state of laws which it has itself decreed. […] Therefore, we can say: the smaller the personnel of the government (the smaller the number of rulers), the greater is their representation and the more nearly the constitution approaches to the possibility of republicanism; thus the constitution may be expected by gradual reform finally to raise itself to republicanism […]. None of the ancient so-called "republics" knew this system, and they all finally and inevitably degenerated into despotism under the sovereignty of one, which is the most bearable of all forms of despotism.

3. One of the subdivisions constituting Russia. See oblast.

   The Republic of Udmurtia is west of the Permian Oblast.

4. One of the subdivisions that made up the former Yugoslavia.

派生語

参考

• commonwealth
• republic on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Further reading

• “republic”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “republic”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “republic”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.