freightとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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意味・対訳 貨物運送、貨物運送料、運賃、用船料、運送貨物、積み荷、船荷
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「freight」を含む例文一覧
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日本語WordNet(英和)での「freight」の意味 |
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freight
Wiktionary英語版での「freight」の意味 |
freight
語源 1
From Late Middle English freight, freght, freyght [and other forms], a variant of fraught, fraght (“transport of goods or people, usually by water; transportation fee; transportation facilities; cargo or passengers of a ship; (比喩的に) burden; ballast of a ship; goods; a charge”),[1] from Middle Dutch vracht, vrecht, and Middle Low German vrecht (“cargo, freight; transportation fee”),[2] from Old Saxon frāht, frēht, from Proto-West Germanic *fra- (from Proto-Germanic *fra- (prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’)) + *aihti (from Proto-Germanic *aihtiz (“possessions, property”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to come into possession of, obtain; to own, possess”)).
The English word can be analysed as for- + aught, and is a doublet of fraught.
- French fret (“cargo, freight; transportation fees; rental of a ship”)
- 古期英語 ǣht (“livestock; possession, property; power”)
- Old High German frēht (“earnings”)
- Portuguese frete (“cargo, freight; transportation fees”)
- Spanish flete (“cargo, freight; charter (hire of a vehicle for transporting cargo)”)
- Swedish frakt c (“cargo, freight; transportation fees”)
名詞
freight (usually uncountable, 複数形 freights)
- (uncountable) The transportation of goods (originally by water; now also (chiefly US) by land); also, the hiring of a vehicle or vessel for such transportation.
- 1719, [Daniel Defoe], The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 372:
- (uncountable) Goods or items in transport; cargo, luggage.
- 1625 January 25, John Donne, “A Sermon Preached at St. Dunstans January 15. 1625 [Julian calendar]. The First Sermon after Our Dispersion, by the Sickness.”, in XXVI. Sermons (Never before Publish’d) Preached by that Learned and Reverend Divine John Donne, […], London: […] Thomas Newcomb, […], published 1661, →OCLC, page 295:
- Diſcretion is the ballaſt of our Ship, that carries us ſteady; but Zeal is the very Fraight, the Cargaſon, the Merchandiſe it ſelf, which enriches us in the land of the living; and this was our caſe, we were all come to eſteem our Ballaſt more then our Fraight, our Diſcretion more then our Zeal; we had more care to pleaſe great men then God; more conſideration of an imaginary change of times, then of unchangeable eternity it ſelf.
- 2019 October, “South Wales Open Access Bid”, in Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allen Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 15:
- Space for carrying light freight also features in Grand Union's proposal. The company says it is working with partners at Intercity Railfreight on the logistics of this, with refrigerated space to be available for movement of urgent NHS biological materials. Initially freight would be carried in the DVTs of the Class 91/Mk 4 sets, while on the Class 802s the kitchen/buffet would be located towards the centre of the train to make space for freight.
- (countable) Payment for transportation.
- 1719, [Daniel Defoe], The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 292:
- [I]f I would let the ſame Men who were in the Ship navigate her, he would hire the Ship to go to Japan, and would ſend them from thence to the Philippine Iſlands with another Loading, which he would pay the Freight of, before they went from Japan; and that at their Return, he would buy the Ship: […]
- 1881 February 26, [John] Lowell, judge of the Circuit Court, District of Massachusetts, “Taylor and Others v. Insurance Company of North America”, in Peyton Boyle, editor, The Federal Reporter. […] (1st Series), volume 6, St. Paul, Minn: West Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 412:
- (figuratively)
- (countable) A burden, a load.
- (specifically, uncountable) Cultural or emotional associations.
- 2007, Barry Richards, “Poor Emotional Governance”, in Emotional Governance: Politics, Media and Terror, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, , →ISBN, part III (The Search for Connection), page 116:
- Ideally, those engaged in contributing to that discourse would have some awareness of the emotional forces which may be called into play by the simple appearance in print or a broadcast clip of a phrase built around the word 'freedom'. This may seem to be a quite unrealistic aim, until we note that some contributors to the emotional public sphere – advertising creatives – are very aware of the emotional freight that simple words may carry, and seek to direct that freight to particular destinations (with particular behavioural consequences).
- (countable) A burden, a load.
- (countable, originally US, rail transport) Short for freight train.
- 1899, Booth Tarkington, “The Court-house Bell”, in The Gentleman from Indiana, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday & McClure Co., published 1900, →OCLC, page 174:
- 1961 July, J. Geoffrey Todd, “Impressions of Railroading in the United States: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 423:
- Two westbound freights were in the vicinity and the operator was kept busy passing them radio messages with the latest information on the late running of the streamliners, to allow the enginemen to keep moving until the last possible minute before they had to sidetrack their trains to let the fast trains overtake.
派生語
- air freight
- cost and freight
- dead freight
- freight-only
- freight car
- freight carrier
- freight hopper
- freight hopping
- freightless (まれに)
- freight operating company
- freight train
- freight wagon, freightwagon
- freight yard
- hop a freight
- hop freight
- pay one's own freight
- pay the freight
- rail freight
- time freight
関連する語
語源 2
The verb is derived from Late Middle English freighten, freghten, a variant of fraughten, fraghten (“to load (a ship with cargo または passengers); to hire (a ship) for transporting goods; to provide fully (with goods, money, etc.); to stow away”),[3] and then either:
- from fraught, fraght (noun) (see etymology 1)[4] + -en (suffix forming the infinitive form of verbs);[5] or
- from Middle Dutch vrachten, vrechten (“to load (a ship with cargo または passengers); to hire (a ship) for transporting goods, to fraught”), from vracht, vrecht (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive form of verbs).
- derived from Middle English freght, freight, freyght, the past participle of fraughten (verb) (see above);[3] and/or
- a contraction of freighted, the past participle of the verb.[6]
動詞
freight (三人称単数 現在形 freights, 現在分詞 freighting, 過去形および過去分詞形 freighted)
- (transitive)
- To load (a vehicle または vessel) with freight (cargo); also, to hire or rent out (a vehicle または vessel) to carry cargo or passengers.
- 1684, Abraham Liset, “Observations Concerning Factors”, in Amphithalami, or, The Accomptants Closet, Being an Abridgment of Merchants-accounts Kept by Debitors and Creditors; […] , London: […] Miles Flesher, for Robert Horne […], →OCLC, 2nd Part (Litera B), page 27:
- If a Factor do receive a ſum of Mony of the owner of a Ship, in conſideration that he freighteth the ſaid Ship for a Voyage, promiſing to repay the ſaid Mony at the return of the ſaid Voyage; if the ſaid Factor hath freighted this Ship for another mans Account, this Merchant is to have the benefit of this Mony during the time; […]
- To transport (goods).
- (by extension) To load or store (goods, etc.).
- (figuratively) To carry (something) as if it is a burden or load.
- To load (a vehicle または vessel) with freight (cargo); also, to hire or rent out (a vehicle または vessel) to carry cargo or passengers.
- (intransitive, US, also figuratively) Chiefly followed by up: to carry as part of a cargo.
- 1867, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXVI”, in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, transl., The Divine Comedy, volume II (Purgatorio), Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, lines 75–78, page 167:
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) freight | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | freight | freighted | |
2nd-person singular | freight, freightest† | freighted, freightedst† | |
3rd-person singular | freights, freighteth† | freighted | |
plural | freight | ||
subjunctive | freight | freighted | |
imperative | freight | — | |
participles | freighting | freighted |
派生語
関連する語
形容詞
freight (comparative more freight, superlative most freight)
参照
- ^ “fraught, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “freight, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “freight, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 “fraughten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ Compare “freight, v.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “freight, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “-en, suf.(3)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “† freight, adj.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021.
Further reading
アナグラム
- fighter, refight
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