cardinalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns または depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/, /ˈkɑːd.nəl/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/, /ˈkɑɹdnəl/

形容詞

cardinal (comparative more cardinal, superlative most cardinal)

1. Of fundamental importance; crucial, pivotal.

   a cardinal rule

   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye.

   • 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:

     the cardinal intersections of the zodiack

   • a. 1631, Michael Drayton, To my noble friend Mr. William Brown, of the evil time:

     Impudence is now a cardinal virtue.

2. (nautical) Of or relating to the cardinal directions (north, south, east かつ west).

   a cardinal mark

3. Describing a "natural" number used to indicate quantity (e.g., zero, one, two, three), as opposed to an ordinal number indicating relative position.
4. Having a bright red color (from the color of a Catholic cardinal's cassock).

名詞

cardinal (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 cardinals)

1. (Roman Catholicism) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope.^[1] (See Wikipedia article on Catholic cardinals.)
   • 1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 16, in Friday's Business:

     His uncle, a Cardinal, engages a Spanish youth of Moorish descent called Diego, an expert singer and player on the virginal, to unlock the secrets of the heart, […] and cure him by the spell of his music.

2. Any of a genus of songbirds of the finch family, Cardinalis.
3. Any of various related passerine birds of the family Cardinalidae (See Wikipedia article on cardinals) and other similar birds that were once considered to be related.
   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:

     Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

4. (color) A deep red color, somewhat less vivid than scarlet, the traditional colour of a Catholic cardinal's cassock. (same as cardinal red)

   cardinal:  

   • 1889, Demorests' Monthly Magazine (volume 25, page 65)

     Dark navy-blue, cardinal, golden-brown, old blue, olive, slate-gray, and telegraph-blue are the favorite solid colors seen in heavy beaver cloths […]

   • 1914, ἄν ἀνἁβιλε, “Under the Cardinal Red and Silver Grey”, in Corks and Curls, volume 27, University of Virginia, page 28:

     The cardinal red and silver grey colors were worn with great enthusiasm. In the spring-time, when the entire student body bought their new straw hats, the bands were of cardinal and grey ribbon.

5. (mathematics) Short for cardinal number, a number indicating quantity, or the size of a set (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3). (See Cardinal_number.)
   • 1920, Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, page 83:

     This cardinal number is the smallest of the infinite cardinal numbers; it is the one to which Cantor has appropriated the Hebrew aleph with the suffix 0, to distinguish it from larger infinite cardinals. Thus the name of the smallest of infinite cardinals is ₀א.

6. (grammar) Short for cardinal numeral, a word used to represent a cardinal number.
   • 2005, Frederic M. Wheelock, Wheelock's Latin, 6th ed. revised, p.97:

     The commonest numerals in Latin, as in English, are the "cardinals" […] and the "ordinals" […].

7. Short for cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), a flowering plant.
   • 1844–1857, Marion D. Sullivan (lyrics かつ music), “Mary Lee: A Romance of the Milton Wood” (sheet music), Boston: Oliver Ditson, page 2, verse 3:

     The sweet-briar rose with perfume good, / And the violet grows in the Milton wood, / The cardinal red—a queen is she, / But the sweetest flower is Mary Lee.

8. Short for cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), a freshwater fish.
9. (now historical) A woman's short cloak with a hood, originally made of scarlet cloth.
   • 1763 August 9, The London Chronicle For the Year 1763, volume 14, page 130, column 2:

     […] ; and whilst she was looking over several pieces of each, she took an opportunity of concealing under her cardinal a piece of cotton, and several handkerchiefs, with which she went off undiscovered; […].

   • 1775, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Duenna, I.3:

     She has valuables of mine; besides, my cardinal and veil are in her room.

   • c. 1760, Robert Lloyd, Chit-Chat, an imitation of Theocritus:

     Where's your cardinal! Make haste.

   • 1823, Lionel Thomas Berguer, World, page 115:

     I have made no objection to their wearing the cardinal, though it be a habit of popish etymology, and was, I am afraid, first invented to hide the sluttishness of French dishabille.

   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 274:

     Closely drawing her cardinal round her, she descended into the park, at whose extremity was the little chapel where she intended to make her offering. She soon arrived there, and found the aged priest in attendance.

10. (obsolete) Mulled red wine.
    • 1861, Thomas Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford:

      He goes up, and finds the remains of the supper, Tankards full of egg-flip and cardinal, and a party playing at vingt-un.

    • 1951, Herbert Warner Allen, A Contemplation of Wine, page 116:

      A Recipe to make Cardinal, which I attribute to the German governess, raises a problem.

    • 1974, Dennis Walton Dodds, Napoleon's Love Child: A Biography of Count Leon, page 59:

      It was de Rosenberg's practice to separate young bloods from their inheritance, and to facilitate this he served them a vicious drink called 'cardinal', a mulled wine of which the ascertainable ingredients were a pineapple and several mixed vintages.

派生語

参考

• (reds) red; blood red, brick red, burgundy, cardinal, carmine, carnation, cerise, cherry, cherry red, Chinese red, cinnabar, claret, crimson, damask, fire brick, fire engine red, flame, flamingo, fuchsia, garnet, geranium, gules, hot pink, incarnadine, Indian red, magenta, maroon, misty rose, nacarat, oxblood, pillar-box red, pink, Pompeian red, poppy, raspberry, red violet, rose, rouge, ruby, ruddy, salmon, sanguine, scarlet, shocking pink, stammel, strawberry, Turkey red, Venetian red, vermillion, vinaceous, vinous, violet red, wine ^{(Category: en:Reds)}
• Contrast with ordinal (numbers)
• Card. (abbreviation)

参照

• (woman's cloak; mulled red wine): Hotten's Slang Dictionary (1873)

アナグラム

• Clarinda