lensとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (misspelling) lense

語源

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”); Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of "lens"; a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة‎ (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /lɛnz/
• 韻: -ɛnz

名詞

lens (plural lenses or (廃れた用法) lens or (まれに) lentes)

1. An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.
   • 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:

     Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. That’s because the lenses that are excellent at magnifying tiny subjects produce a narrow depth of field.

2. A device which focuses or defocuses electron beams.
3. (geometry) A convex shape bounded by two circular arcs, joined at their endpoints, the corresponding concave shape being a lune.
4. (biology) A genus of the legume family; its bean.
5. (anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure in the eye.
   • 2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:

     The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.

6. (earth science) A body of rock, ice, or water shaped like a convex lens.
7. (programming) A construct used in statically-typed functional programming languages to access nested data structures.
8. (by extension, figurative) A way of looking, literally or figuratively, at something.
   • 2004 April 11, Ann Hulbert, “Are the Kids All Right?”, in The New York Times Magazine, page 11:

     If "the public looks at the condition of America's children largely through a negative lens," worries Child Trends […] , "it may be more difficult to […] promote child well-being."

   • 2023 April 26, Benjamin Lee, quoting Steven Spielberg, “Steven Spielberg: ‘No film should be revised’ based on modern sensitivity”, in The Guardian‎^[1], →ISSN:

     No film should be revised based on the lenses we now are, either voluntarily, or being forced to peer through.

派生語

派生した語

• → Bengali: লেন্স (lenśo)
• → Turkish: lens

動詞

lens (三人称単数 現在形 lenses, 現在分詞 lensing, 過去形および過去分詞形 lensed)

1. (transitive, cinematography) To film, shoot.
   • 2020 May 7, Katie Rife, “If you’re looking to jump in your seat, make a playdate with Z”, in The Onion AV Club‎^[2]:

     It’s set in an anonymous, upper-middle-class suburb, lensed in the generic gunmetal gray that will one day appear as dated as the fuzzy outlines of ’80s direct-to-video horror movies.

2. (geology) To become thinner towards the edges.

Latin

語源 1

Unknown, likely a borrowing from an unidentified source.

Compare Old High German linsa, Lithuanian lęšis, Old Church Slavonic лѧща (lęšta), and Albanian lend (Proto-Albanian *lenta), sounding too similar for a coincidence, however different enough to prohibit reconstruction of a common PIE protoform. May also be related to Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros).

If ultimately a non-IE substrate loanword, locating the source is virtually impossible because cultivation of lentil was widespread in the region since the Neolithic.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /lens/, [ɫ̪ẽːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /lens/, [lɛns]

名詞

lēns f (genitive lentis); third declension

1. lentil
2. (Medieval Latin) lens

語形変化

Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative 単数形 in -em または -im, ablative 単数形 in -e または -ī).

派生語

派生した語

語源 2

Unknown. According to de Vaan, perhaps a deformed form of what is found as Proto-Slavic *gňìda (“nit”), Proto-Germanic *hnits (“nit”), Ancient Greek κονίς (konís) (gen. κονίδος (konídos)), Armenian անիծ (anic, “nit”); he proposes Proto-Indo-European *dḱ(o)nid- > *dkni-n-d- > *dklind- > Proto-Italic *(d)lind-. However, like the Indo-European cognates, it may be of substrate origin.

名詞

lēns f (genitive lendis); third declension

1. nit (egg of a louse)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生した語

• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: len
  • Old French: lent
    • Picard: len
    • Walloon: lin
• Late Latin: lendis (see there for further descendants)

参照

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lēns, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334
• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “lens”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 351
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “lens, -dis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 5: J L, page 250

Further reading

• “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• lens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette