cocktailとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɒkteɪl/

名詞

cocktail (複数形 cocktails)

1. A mixed alcoholic beverage.
   • 1806 May 6, “Rum! Rum! Rum!”, in Balance and Columbian Repository‎^[1], volume v, number 18, New York: Hudson, page 142:

     [...] a certain candidate has placed in his account of Loss and Gain, the following items:-- LOSS [...] 411 glasses bitters[,] 25 do. cock-tail

   • 1806 May 13, “Communication”, in Balance and Columbian Repository‎^[2], volume v, number 19, New York: Hudson, page 146:

     Cock tail, then, is a stimulating liquor, composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters — it is vulgarly called bittered sling, and is supposed to be an excellent electioneering potion, inasmuch as it renders the heart stout and bold, at the same time that it fuddles the head.

   • 1904, Charlotte Bryson Taylor, “Chapter VI”, in In the Dwellings of the Wilderness:

     Deane opened the fray by declaring, à propos of dinners, that the only proper way to create a cocktail of the genus Martini was to add a half-spoonful of sherry after the other ingredients had been satisfactorily mixed, if at all.

   • 1922, Sinclair Lewis, “Chapter 8”, in Babbitt:

     He moved majestically down to mix the cocktails. As he chipped ice, as he squeezed oranges, as he collected vast stores of bottles, glasses, and spoons at the sink in the pantry, he felt as authoritative as the bartender at Healey Hanson's saloon.

   • 2011, Mark Polonsky & al., USSR: From an Original Idea by Karl Marx, p. 32:

     The cocktail in Britain is a rigidly-defined social institution: each has its own particular meaning—the G & T is the alcoholic equivalent of the interview suit; Pernod and black is an alternative to glue sniffing for repentant trendies, etc.

   Synonyms: mixed drink, (abbreviation) ckt

   They visited a bar noted for its wide range of cocktails.

2. (by extension) A mixture of other substances or things.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hodgepodge

   Scientists found a cocktail of pollutants in the river downstream from the chemical factory.

   a cocktail of illegal drugs

   • 2013, Andrew Farmer, Managing Environmental Pollution, Routledge, →ISBN, page 22:

     Motor vehicles, for example, emit a cocktail of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulates, heavy metals and (for diesel) sulphur dioxide.

   • 2023 March 8, David Clough, “The long road that led to Beeching”, in RAIL, page 38:

     Terry Gourvish, the lead author if the authorised commercial history of BR, described the new BTC structure thus: "The conclusion must be that the combination of a few undynamic railwaymen, underpaid full-timers (Commission かつ General Staff) and poorly-paid part-time businessmen was not a very potent managerial cocktail."

3. A horse, not of pure breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood in its veins.
   • 1868, Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, volume ii, John Murray, page 11:

     A “cock-tail” is a horse not purely bred, but with only one-eighth or one-sixteenth impure blood in his veins

4. (UK, slang, dated) A mean, half-hearted fellow.

   Synonym: coward

   • 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], OCLC 809623158:

     It was in the second affair that poor little Barney showed he was a cocktail.

5. A species of rove beetle, so called from its habit of elevating the tail.

派生語

派生した語

形容詞

cocktail (comparative more cocktail, superlative most cocktail)

1. (obsolete) Ostentatiously lacking in manners.
   • 1830, Sporting Magazine:

     It looks very cocktail to be seen riding through the streets of London in a scarlet coat ;

   • 1840, The Sporting magazine:

     The Prince had nothing particular about him but a monstrous smart whip with a gold stag for a handle, which was pronounced a very cocktail looking instrument by the Leicestershire farmers, with whom His Serene Highness is no favorite

   • 2008, Christine Kelly, Mrs Duberly's War: Journal and Letters from the Crimea, 1854-6, →ISBN:

     She always goes about with a brace of loaded revolvers in her belt!! Very cocktail and no occasion for it

動詞

cocktail (三人称単数 現在形 cocktails, 現在分詞 cocktailing, 過去形および過去分詞形 cocktailed)

1. (transitive) To adulterate (fuel, etc.) by mixing in other substances.
2. (transitive) To treat (a person) to cocktails.

   He dined and cocktailed her at the most exclusive bars and restaurants.

参考

• swizzle
• 参考 Thesaurus:alcoholic beverage

参照

• Michael Quinion (2004), “Cocktail”, in Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds: Ingenious Tales of Words and Their Origins, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books in association with Penguin Books, →ISBN.