revolutionとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃən/
• 韻: -uːʃən
• ハイフネーション: re‧vo‧lu‧tion

名詞

revolution (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 revolutions)

1. A political upheaval in a government or state characterized by great change.
2. The removal and replacement of a government, especially by sudden violent action.
   • 1837, George Sand, Stanley Young, transl., Mauprat‎^[1], Cassandra Editions, published 1977, →ISBN, page 237:

     For a long time the dormouse and polecat had seemed to him overfeeble enemies for his restless valour, even as the granary floor seemed to afford too narrow a field. Every day he read the papers of the previous day in the servants' hall of the houses he visited, and it appeared to him that this war in America, which was hailed as the awakening of the spirit of liberty and justice in the New World, ought to produce a revolution in France.

3. Rotation: the turning of an object around an axis, one complete turn of an object during rotation.
   • 1912, P. M. Heldt, The Gasoline Automobile: Its Design and Construction, Volume II: Transmission, Running Gear and Control, The Horseless Age Co. (1913), page 147:

     The ratio between the speeds of revolution of wheel and disc is substantially equal to the reciprocal of the ratio between the diameter of the wheel and the diameter of the mean contact circle on the disc.

   • 1864, D. M. Warren, The Common-School Geography, Revised Edition, H. Cowperthwait & Co., page 6:

     The Earth has two motions: a daily revolution (または turning around) upon its axis, and a yearly course around the sun.

   • 1878, George Fleming, A Text-Book of Veterinary Obstetrics, Baillière, Tindall, & Cox, page 123:

     Numerous cases are recorded which incontestibly prove that during pregnancy, the uterus perform a half or even a complete revolution, on itself, producing torsion of the cervix […]

4. In the case of celestial bodies, the traversal of one body along an orbit around another body.
5. A sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving.
6. A round of periodic changes, such as between the seasons of the year.
7. Consideration of an idea; the act of revolving something in the mind.

使用する際の注意点

• Astronomers today do not use revolution to refer to the turning of an object about an axis: they use rotation for that, and revolution only for the traversal of a body through an orbit (which also happens around some axis). (This may be somewhat customary, however, strictly speaking, using either word for either process would not be incorrect.)

反意語

• (sudden, vast change): evolution

下位語

• (sudden, vast change): quiet revolution

派生語

• Revolution
• revolutionary
• revolutionize

Compounds

• agricultural revolution
• French Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
• information revolution
• palace revolution
• quiet revolution
• Russian Revolution
• solid of revolution

関連する語

• revolve

Further reading

• "revolution" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 270.