diabetesとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs/

名詞

diabetes (uncountable)

1. Diabetes mellitus; any of a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (または other animal) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin. [from 19th c.]
   • 2020, Ian Sample, The Guardian, 7 September:

     In the UK, one in 10 people over 40 live with type 2 diabetes, while one in four have high blood pressure, a condition described as a “silent killer” because it increases the risk of heart attack and stroke but rarely causes symptoms beforehand.

2. (slang, humorous) Any food or beverage with a high amount of sugar.
   • 2017 August 6, “The craziest things you have to eat in New York City”, in Silver Stories‎^[1]:

     This milkshake is pure diabetes, as my friends and I agreed on as a joke when we first came to Black Tap.

3. Diabetes insipidus; any condition characterized by excessive or incontinent urine, now specifically as caused by impaired production of, or response to, the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. [from 15th c.]
   • 1649, Nicholas Culpeper, The Physical Directory:

     A Sheeps or Goats bladder being burnt, and the ashes given inwardly, helps the Diabetes, or continuall pissing.

   • 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, vol. III, ch. 86:

     The lady laboured under a Diabetes, in consequence of having used the waters injudiciously for another complaint; and, that she might not be an impediment to the carriage, by ordering it to halt,as often as she should have occasion to disembogue, she had provided herself with a leathern contrivance […] .

同意語

• (group of metabolic diseases): diabetes mellitus, DM, diabeetus (humorous)

下位語

• (group of metabolic diseases): IDDM, juvenile diabetes, NIDDM

派生語

• diabesity
• diabetes mellitus
• diabetes insipidus
• type 1 diabetes
• type 2 diabetes
• type 3 diabetes

関連する語

• diabetic

アナグラム

• beadiest

Latin

語源

Borrowing from Ancient Greek δῐᾰβήτης (diabḗtēs, “siphon; diabetes”), from δῐᾰβαίνω (diabaínō, “to step across, pass over”) +‎ -της (-tēs, “-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /di.aˈbeː.teːs/, [d̪iäˈbeːt̪eːs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /di.aˈbe.tes/, [d̪iɑˈbɛːt̪ɛs]

名詞

diabētēs m (genitive diabētae); first declension

1. a siphon

   Synonym: sīphō

   • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 3.10:

     Naturali enim spiritu omne alimentum virentis, quasi quaedam anima, per medullam trunci veluti per siphonem quem diabeten vocant mechanici, trahitur in summum: […]

     For by natural respiration all the nourishment of a green plant is drawn, as a sort of vital breath, into the highest point, passing through the pith of the stem as though through a siphon, which mechanics call diabetes; […]

2. (New Latin, medicine) diabetes

Inflection

First-declension noun (masculine Greek-type with nominative 単数形 in -ēs).

派生した語

• → English: diabetes

参照

• diabetes in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press