impactとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (noun): enPR: imʹpăkt, IPA^(key): /ˈɪmpækt/
• (verb): enPR: im-păktʹ, IPA^(key): /ɪmˈpækt/
• • 韻: -ækt

名詞

impact (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 impacts)

1. The striking of one body against another; collision.
2. The force or energy of a collision of two objects.

   The hatchet cut the wood on impact.

3. (chiefly medicine) A forced impinging.

   His spine had an impingement; L4 and L5 made impact, which caused numbness in his leg.

4. (figuratively, proscribed) A significant or strong influence or effect.

   His friend's opinion had an impact on his decision.

   Our choice of concrete will have a tremendous impact on the building's mechanical performance.

   • 2016, Jayson Lusk, Unnaturally Delicious, →ISBN, page 111:

     One way to reduce the environmental impact of meat eating is to make livestock more productive.

使用する際の注意点

• Adjectives often applied to "impact": social, political, physical, positive, negative, good, bad, beneficial, harmful, significant, great, important, strong, big, small, real, huge, likely, actual, potential, devastating, disastrous, true, primary.
• The adposition generally used with "impact" is "on" (such as in last example in section above)
• There are some who find the figurative noun sense problematic, with a low threshold for labeling such use as overuse (cliché). In defensive editing, the solution is to replace the figurative noun sense with effect and the verb sense with affect, which nearly always produces an acceptable result. (Rarely, a phrase such as "the impact of late effects" is better stetted to avoid "the effect of [...] effects".)

派生語

関連する語

• impinge

動詞

impact (三人称単数 現在形 impacts, 現在分詞 impacting, 過去形および過去分詞形 impacted)

1. (transitive) To collide or strike, the act of impinging.

   When the hammer impacts the nail, it bends.

2. (transitive) To compress; to compact; to press into something or pack together.

   The footprints of birds do not impact the soil in the way those of dinosaurs do.

3. (transitive, figuratively, proscribed) To significantly or strongly influence or affect; to have an impact on.

   I can make the changes, but it will impact the schedule.

4. (transitive, rare) To stamp or impress onto something.

   Ideas impacted on the mind.

使用する際の注意点

Some authorities object to the verb sense of impact meaning "to significantly or strongly influence or affect; to have an impact on". Although most verbification instances in English draw no prescriptive attention, a few do, including this one. To avoid controversy, one can replace the verb sense with affect, which nearly always produces an acceptable result. See also the usage note for the noun sense.

派生語

• impaction
• impactor