proportionとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈpɔːʃən/
• (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈpo(ː)ɹʃən/
• (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈpoəʃən/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)ʃən
• ハイフネーション: pro‧por‧tion

名詞

proportion (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 proportions)

1. (countable) A quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number.
   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VI, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     “I don't mean all of your friends—only a small proportion—which, however, connects your circle with that deadly, idle, brainless bunch—the insolent chatterers at the opera, the gorged dowagers, the worn-out, passionless men, the enervated matrons of the summer capital, […]!”

2. (uncountable) Harmonious relation of parts to each other or to the whole.
3. (countable) Proper or equal share.
   • 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:

     Let the women […] do the same things in their proportions and capacities.

4. The relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity, or degree.

   the proportion of the parts of a building, or of the body

   • 1563 March 30​, John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC:

     The image of Christ made in Pilate's time after his own proportion.

   • 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

     Formed in the best proportions of her sex.

5. (mathematics, countable) A statement of equality between two ratios.
6. (mathematics, archaic) The "rule of three", in which three terms are given to find a fourth.
7. (countable, chiefly in the plural) Size.
   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; […] . Now she had come to look upon the matter in its true proportions, and her anticipation of a possible chance of teaching him a lesson was a pleasure to behold.

   • 2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

     What other television show would feature a gorgeously designed sequence where a horrifically mutated Pierre and Marie Curie, their bodies swollen to Godzilla-like proportions from prolonged exposure to the radiation that would eventually kill them, destroy an Asian city with their bare hands like vengeance-crazed monster-Gods?

派生語

動詞

proportion (三人称単数 現在形 proportions, 現在分詞 proportioning, 過去形および過去分詞形 proportioned)

1. (transitive) To divide into proper shares; to apportion.
   • 1960 April, “The braking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:

     In order to proportion the braking force to the weight carried by a wheel - a matter of special importance in the braking of wagons - variable leverage systems are now being introduced in which the end of one axle spring is linked to a control spring in the change-over valve, so automatically varying the leverage exerted by the brake-rod according to whether the wagon is full or empty.

2. (transitive) To form symmetrically.
3. (transitive, art) To set or render in proportion.
4. (transitive, archaic) To correspond to.

Further reading

• “proportion”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “proportion”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.