armとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) enPR: äm, IPA^(key): /ɑːm/
• (米国発音) enPR: ärm, IPA^(key): /ɑɹm/
• (General Australian) enPR: äm, IPA^(key): /ɐːm/
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)m

語源 1

From Middle English arm, from 古期英語 earm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“a fitting, joint; arm, forequarter”), a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to join, fit together”).

名詞

arm (複数形 arms)

1. The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand.
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. He had him gripped firmly by the arm, since he felt it was not safe to let him loose, and he had no immediate idea what to do with him.

   She stood with her right arm extended and her palm forward to indicate “Stop!”

2. (anatomy) The extended portion of the upper limb, from the shoulder to the elbow.

   The arm and forearm are parts of the upper limb in the human body.

3. A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal.

   the arms of an octopus

4. The part of a piece of clothing that covers the arm.

   Synonym: sleeve

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, OCLC 57395299, page 485:

     […] one arm of this jacket streamed behind him like the broidered arm of a huzzar’s surcoat.

   • 1970, J. G. Farrell, Troubles, New York: Knopf, 1971, p. 340,^[2]

     […] he noticed that a dark stain had appeared under the arm of her grey silk dress.

   • 2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, New York: Vintage, Chapter 5, p. 94,^[3]

     Samad made a grab for the boy and caught him by the arm of his shirt.

5. A long, narrow, more or less rigid part of an object extending from the main part or centre of the object, such as the arm of an armchair, a crane, a pair of spectacles or a pair of compasses.

   The robot arm reached out and placed the part on the assembly line.

6. (geography) A bay or inlet off a main body of water.

   Shelburne Bay is an arm of Lake Champlain.

7. A branch of an organization.

   the cavalry arm of the military service

8. (figurative) Power; might; strength; support.

   the arm of the law

   the secular arm

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Isaiah 52:1:

     To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?

9. (baseball, slang) A pitcher

   The team needs to sign another arm in the offseason.

10. (genetics) One of the two parts of a chromosome.
11. A group of patients in a medical trial.

派生語

動詞

arm (三人称単数 現在形 arms, 現在分詞 arming, 過去形および過去分詞形 armed)

1. (obsolete) To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms.
   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     And make him with our pikes and partisans / A grave: come, arm him.

   • 1613–1614 (date written), John Fletcher; William Shak[e]speare, The Two Noble Kinsmen: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Waterson; […], published 1634, OCLC 1170464517, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Arm your prize; / I know you will not lose him.

語源 2

From Middle English arm (“poor, wretched”), from 古期英語 earm (“poor, miserable, pitiful, wretched”), from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“poor”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”).

形容詞

arm (comparative armer または more arm, superlative armest または most arm)

1. (UK dialectal, chiefly Scotland) Poor; lacking in riches or wealth.
2. (UK dialectal, chiefly Scotland) To be pitied; pitiful; wretched.

派生語

• armth

参照

• The Dictionary of the Scots Language

語源 3

Back-formation from arms (複数形), from Middle English armes, from Old French armes, from Latin arma (“weapons”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mo-, a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to fit together”), hence ultimately cognate with etymology 1.

名詞

arm (複数形 arms)

1. (usually used in the 複数形) A weapon.
   • 1789, Second Amendment to the United States Constitution:

     A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, OCLC 702939134:

     The next thing I laid hold of was a brace of pistols, and as I already had a powder horn and bullets, I felt myself well supplied with arms.

2. (in the plural) Heraldic bearings or insignia.

   The Duke's arms were a sable gryphon rampant on an argent field.

3. (in the plural, obsolete) War; hostilities; deeds or exploits of war.

使用する際の注意点

• Pubs and taverns often use this word in their names, as a reference to heraldic bearings, e.g. The Queen's Arms.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:weapon

派生語

動詞

arm (三人称単数 現在形 arms, 現在分詞 arming, 過去形および過去分詞形 armed)

1. (transitive) To supply with armour or (later especially) weapons.

   The king armed his knights with swords and shields.

   • 2015, George R. R. Martin, A Dance with Dragons, Bantam, →ISBN, page 593:

     They were arming them with spears and shields, putting iron halfhelms on their heads, and arraying them along the inner wall, a rank of snowy sentinels. "Lord Winter has joined us with his levies," one of the sentries [said].

2. (transitive, figurative) To supply with the equipment, knowledge, authority, or other tools needed for a particular task; to furnish with capability; to equip.
   • 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:

     thou getteſt no more of me.
     For I am ſure thy Office doth not arme thee with ſuch authoritie.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 1 Peter 4:1:

     arm yourselves likewise with the same mind: for he that hath suffered in the flesh hath ceased from sin;

   • 1801(?), John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress ... to which is Added, the Life and Death of the Author, page 359:

     Many following him, and, in his journeyings, he visited many at their houses, and gave them consolation, arming them with steady resolves, to be patient in suffering and trust to God for their reward; […]

   • 1806, William turner, An Abstract of the History of the Bible ... With questions for examination, etc, page 43:

     [God] directed them to choose out three hundred only, and, arming them with nothing but trumpets and lamps, to send them by night into the camp of the Midianites.

   • 1885, United States Congressional Serial Set, page 119:

     Q. In other words, you were commissioning men here in Cincinnati to attend the polls, arming them with authority to arrest citizens; men from outside of the city of Cincinnati to arrest citizens of the city of Cincinnati […]

   • 2011, Meredith H. Lair, Armed with Abundance: Consumerism & Soldiering in the Vietnam War, Univ of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 215:

     Picture taking soothed support troops' anxieties twice over, empowering them as they navigated a strange environment, and arming them with proof that they really had served in a war.

   • 2014, Susan Fawcett, Grassroots with Readings: The Writer's Workbook, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 466:

     […] and arming them with skills, work habits, and inner confidence that no one can ever take away.

3. (transitive) To prepare (a tool, weapon, または system) for action; to activate.

   Remember to arm the alarm system before leaving for work.

4. (intransitive, of a tool, weapon, または system) To become prepared for action; to activate.
   • 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN)‎^[4], archived from the original on 17 October 2022, retrieved 6 November 2022, 14:43 from the start:

     Torpedoes were loosed, but the range was too short for them to actually arm, and they bounced harmlessly off the ship as it cut loose with its secondary and antiaircraft guns, smashing anything that it could see.

5. (transitive) To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency.

   to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a hook in angling

6. (intransitive) To take up weapons; to arm oneself.
7. (transitive) To fit (a magnet) with an armature.

同意語

• (furnish with weapons): beweapon

派生語

アナグラム

• -mar-, AMR, MAR, MRA, Mar, Mar., RAM, RMA, Ram, mar, mar-, ram

別の表記

• earm

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), whence also Old High German arm, Old Norse armr.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɑrm/, [ɑrˠm]

名詞

arm m

1. Alternative form of earm

語形変化

使用する際の注意点

Legal sense: this is the customary abbreviation of Armenia as used in case citations. See, e.g., The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, Nineteenth Edition (2010), "Geographical Terms: Foreign countries and regions", Table T10.3, p. 438-443.

アナグラム

• -mar-, AMR, MAR, MRA, Mar, Mar., RAM, RMA, Ram, mar, mar-, ram